本文選題：液化天然氣(LNG) + 受限空間　； 參考：《中國石油大學(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著液化天然氣(LNG)在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人民生活中的廣泛應用,天然氣事故也逐漸涌現(xiàn),尤其是在受限空間LNG發(fā)生泄漏爆炸事故,可能會引發(fā)連鎖反應,從而造成重大的人員傷亡與財產(chǎn)損失。因此,非常有必要對LNG接收站容易發(fā)生氣體泄漏并形成受限空間的區(qū)域進行風險分析,研究調(diào)壓站等狹義受限空間以及場站廣義受限空間的LNG泄漏爆炸事故后果,并依此有針對性的設計新型抗爆墻,實現(xiàn)降低爆炸沖擊波對周圍建筑及設備的破壞作用這一目的,從而為LNG產(chǎn)業(yè)順利發(fā)展提供支持和保障。本文依托國家科技支撐計劃課題“化學工業(yè)園區(qū)火災防治技術研究”(2011BAK03B08),以LNG泄漏爆炸事故為研究對象,主要開展以下幾個方面的研究:1、LNG接收站儲罐區(qū)風險評估首先,以LNG接收站儲罐為研究對象,建立儲罐區(qū)發(fā)生氣體泄漏燃爆事故樹,找出導致罐區(qū)燃爆事故的基本事件和最小割集,分析計算各個基本事件的結構重要度,并對各基本事件結構重要度大小進行排列。其次,根據(jù)LNG接收站罐區(qū)以及液化天然氣的特點,計算并確定火災、爆炸危險指數(shù)與等級,并與采取各種補救措施之后計算的危險指數(shù)進行比較,通過定性與定量的分析提出合理的對策措施。2、LNG調(diào)壓站受限空間泄漏模擬根據(jù)調(diào)壓站的具體圖紙尺寸以及站內(nèi)管道高壓氣體泄漏具體參數(shù),利用Fluent軟件建立受限空間內(nèi)天然氣泄漏擴散的數(shù)學計算模型和物理模型,根據(jù)選定的天然氣狀態(tài),對天然氣泄漏擴散進行模擬,研究空間約束、通風條件及泄壓窗開啟與否等因素對擴散的影響,揭示其變化規(guī)律并獲得氣云在時間和空間上的分布特征,同時為AutoReaGas軟件提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。3、受限空間內(nèi)LNG爆炸后果模擬及敏感因素分析利用AutoReaGas軟件建立調(diào)壓站密閉空間爆炸模型,設定相應泄漏氣體的爆炸初始參數(shù)值。以LNG泄漏模擬得到的空間內(nèi)氣體平均濃度值為輸入,應用爆炸數(shù)值模型對受限空間氣體爆炸進行討論分析。研究空間約束、氣體濃度值和有無泄壓窗及泄壓窗尺寸比值等因素對天然氣爆炸壓力分布的影響,獲得某些特定時間的壓力分布規(guī)律及超壓分布場,為最終確定作用在結構上的爆炸載荷提供依據(jù)。4、緩沖吸能型防爆墻設計及抗爆效果模擬及結構優(yōu)化設計針對LNG接收站內(nèi)易發(fā)生爆炸的區(qū)域,充分利用吸能材料所具有良好吸收爆炸沖擊波載荷的能力,設計具有較好抗爆效果的新型防爆墻。首先利用ANSYS/AutoDyn軟件分別模擬普通型和吸能型防爆墻對爆炸沖擊波加載的削弱影響,分析不同材料墻體對爆炸能量吸收作用的差異,然后研究吸能材料厚度長度等特征參數(shù)對爆炸能量吸收效果的不同,最終形成附著吸能材料的新型防爆墻優(yōu)化設計方案,為其他建筑物和人員提供更好的防護作用。
[Abstract]:With the widespread application of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in industrial production and people's daily life, natural gas accidents are emerging gradually, especially in restricted space LNG leakage and explosion, which may lead to a chain reaction. Thus causing heavy casualties and property losses. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk of the area where the gas leakage is easy to occur in the LNG receiving station and form the restricted space, and to study the consequences of the LNG leakage and explosion in the narrow restricted space such as the pressure regulating station and the generalized restricted space of the field station. In order to reduce the damage of blast wave to the surrounding buildings and equipments, a new type of anti-explosion wall is designed in order to provide support and guarantee for the smooth development of LNG industry. Based on the national science and technology support project, "study on fire prevention technology in chemical industrial park", and taking the LNG leakage and explosion accident as the research object, this paper mainly carries out the following research on the risk assessment of the storage tank area of the W1 LNG receiving station. Taking the storage tank of LNG receiving station as the research object, the tree of gas leakage and igniting accident occurred in the tank area is established, the basic events and minimum cut sets that lead to the explosion accident in the tank area are found out, and the structural importance of each basic event is analyzed and calculated. The importance of each basic event structure is arranged. Secondly, according to the characteristics of LNG receiving station tank area and liquefied natural gas, the fire and explosion risk index and grade are calculated and determined, and compared with the hazard index calculated after various remedial measures are taken. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the reasonable countermeasures are put forward. The limited space leakage simulation of LNG regulating station is made according to the specific drawing size of the station and the specific parameters of the pipeline high pressure gas leakage in the station. The mathematical and physical models of natural gas leakage and diffusion in restricted space are established by using Fluent software. According to the selected natural gas state, the gas leakage diffusion is simulated, and the spatial constraints are studied. The effects of ventilation conditions and the opening of pressure relief windows on diffusion are revealed, and the distribution characteristics of gas clouds in time and space are obtained. At the same time, it provides data support for AutoReaGas software .3. the simulation of LNG explosion consequences in confined space and the analysis of sensitive factors. The airtight space explosion model of pressure regulating station is established by using AutoReaGas software, and the initial explosion parameters of the corresponding leaking gas are set up. Taking the average concentration of gas in space obtained from LNG leakage simulation as input, the explosion numerical model is applied to discuss and analyze the gas explosion in confined space. The effects of space constraints, gas concentration and the ratio of pressure relief window and pressure relief window on the pressure distribution of natural gas explosion are studied, and the pressure distribution law and overpressure distribution field at certain time are obtained. For the final determination of the explosion load acting on the structure. 4, the design of the buffered and energy-absorbing explosion-proof wall, the simulation of the anti-explosion effect and the optimization design of the structure are aimed at the explosive-prone areas in the LNG receiving station. A new type of explosion-proof wall with good anti-explosion effect is designed by making full use of the energy absorbing material's ability to absorb blast wave load. At first, the ANSYS/AutoDyn software is used to simulate the weakening effect of the blast wave loading on the common type and the energy absorbing type blast proof wall, and the difference of the energy absorption effect of different materials wall on the explosion energy absorption is analyzed. Then the energy absorbent material thickness length and other characteristic parameters on the energy absorption effect of the different, finally form a new type of energy absorption materials attached to the anti-explosion wall optimization design scheme, for other buildings and personnel to provide better protection.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE88

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