發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-08 19:00

  本文選題：頁巖氣　切入點(diǎn)：井下節(jié)流技術(shù)　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：世界對(duì)于天然氣的需求量隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展也在飛速增長。預(yù)計(jì)21世紀(jì)天然氣將會(huì)成為主要能源。近些年,雖然我國的天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了長足的發(fā)展,特別是在頁巖氣開發(fā)領(lǐng)域不斷取得進(jìn)步,但整體水平還比較低。因此,天然氣的發(fā)展空間較大,發(fā)展前景較好。在天然氣的開采過程中,水合物的生成問題給氣井的生產(chǎn)帶來了一系危害及困難,如油管、計(jì)量孔板、地面管線的阻塞以及阻礙設(shè)備的熱傳導(dǎo)等。這些問題輕則嚴(yán)重影響到氣井的正常生產(chǎn),重則危及人與設(shè)備的安全。 頁巖氣屬于超低滲透致密砂巖天然氣。研究表明,頁巖氣在我國具有大量發(fā)育的區(qū)域地質(zhì)條件,初步計(jì)算我國頁巖氣資源量約為(15-30)×1012m3。近年來,隨著美國頁巖氣革命的影響下,在中國國內(nèi)進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的頁巖氣勘探、開發(fā),但目前我國對(duì)于頁巖氣勘探開發(fā)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)仍處于落后狀態(tài)。如何更好的開發(fā)頁巖氣成為一個(gè)重大的問題。 鑒于這一現(xiàn)狀,本文開展了頁巖氣井井筒水合物形成機(jī)理和防治工藝的研究,分析和總結(jié)了井下節(jié)流的基本原理,提出了井筒壓力及溫度的預(yù)測模型、節(jié)流后壓降溫降的預(yù)測模型以及水合物生成的預(yù)測模型,并對(duì)井下節(jié)流工藝參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)原理、思路及過程進(jìn)行了闡述。在此基礎(chǔ)上,將本文所建模型與模擬軟件Flue nt相結(jié)合,以一口頁巖氣井生產(chǎn)實(shí)際為對(duì)象,對(duì)井下節(jié)流過程進(jìn)行模擬,結(jié)合模擬的結(jié)果對(duì)節(jié)流嘴的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)、規(guī)律及特征進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié)。最后將實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的真實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)引入本文所建模型中,獲取井下節(jié)流工藝運(yùn)行參數(shù),再與實(shí)際工藝參數(shù)設(shè)置進(jìn)行對(duì)比、分析,從而對(duì)所建模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和完善。 本文所建立的井筒壓力溫度預(yù)測模型及節(jié)流嘴壓降溫降預(yù)測模型的模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)際生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)之間的誤差也在允許的范圍之內(nèi),能較好地運(yùn)用于工程實(shí)際之中。本文的節(jié)流工藝參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)方法的理論計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)際生產(chǎn)情況之間的誤差同樣在允許的范圍之內(nèi),是有效可行的一種設(shè)計(jì)方法。此外,本文通過Fluent軟件建立的模型計(jì)算結(jié)果與前面的理論分析情況基本相符,這對(duì)節(jié)流井筒的流場分布情況以及節(jié)流嘴的流動(dòng)情況具有重要意義。 本文的研究對(duì)天然氣水合物生成的預(yù)測及防治具有重大指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The demand for natural gas in the world is also increasing rapidly with the rapid development of economy. In 21th century, it is expected that natural gas will become the main energy source. In recent years, although the natural gas industry in China has made great progress, Especially in the field of shale gas development, progress has been made continuously, but the overall level is still relatively low. As a result, natural gas has a larger development space and a better development prospect. The formation of gas hydrate has brought a series of harm and difficulties to the production of gas wells, such as tubing, metering orifice, blocking of surface pipelines and hindering the heat conduction of equipment, etc. These problems seriously affect the normal production of gas wells. Heavy endangers the safety of people and equipment. Shale gas belongs to ultra-low permeability tight sandstone gas. The study shows that shale gas has a large number of regional geological conditions in China, and the preliminary calculation of shale gas resources in China is about 15-30) 脳 1012m3.In recent years, with the influence of the shale gas revolution in the United States, A large scale of shale gas exploration and development has been carried out in China, but at present the key technology of shale gas exploration and development in China is still lagging behind. How to develop shale gas better becomes a major problem. In view of this situation, this paper studies the formation mechanism and prevention technology of gas hydrate in shale gas wells, analyzes and summarizes the basic principle of downhole throttling, and puts forward the prediction model of wellbore pressure and temperature. The prediction model of pressure drop after throttling and the prediction model of hydrate formation are described. The design principle, train of thought and process of downhole throttling process parameters are described. On this basis, the model is combined with the simulation software Flue NT. Taking the actual production of a shale gas well as an example, the downhole throttling process is simulated, and the flow state of the throttle nozzle is combined with the simulation results. Finally, the real data of actual production is introduced into the model established in this paper, and the operation parameters of downhole throttling process are obtained, and then compared with the actual process parameters. In order to optimize and improve the model. The error between the simulation results of the wellbore pressure temperature prediction model and the throttling nozzle pressure drop prediction model and the actual production data is also within the allowable range. The error between the theoretical calculation results of the design method of throttling process parameters and the actual production conditions is also within the allowable range, which is an effective and feasible design method. The calculation results of the model established by Fluent software in this paper are basically consistent with the previous theoretical analysis, which is of great significance to the flow field distribution of the throttling wellbore and the flow situation of the throttle nozzle. The research in this paper is of great significance for the prediction and prevention of gas hydrate formation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE37

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本文編號(hào)：1585145