本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水力除焦 光纖F-P聲學(xué)傳感器 溫度特性 在線監(jiān)測(cè)　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：延遲焦化裝置是大型化工機(jī)械裝備,由于缺乏有效的傳感監(jiān)測(cè)手段,為了移除合成于高達(dá)50米且直徑超過10米的密封罐狀焦化裝置中的千余噸焦炭,目前普遍依靠操作人員的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)去判斷裝置中焦炭的殘留情況來進(jìn)行水力除焦作業(yè)。這種僅僅依靠人工經(jīng)驗(yàn)的操作方法會(huì)造成生產(chǎn)能耗大,工作效率低,同時(shí)存在較大的安全隱患。針對(duì)此,本文開展了一種光纖F-P聲學(xué)傳感器的理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,該傳感器可用于在線實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)除焦作業(yè)中切焦的進(jìn)展,提高水力除焦作業(yè)的效率與安全性,具有較大的理論價(jià)值與應(yīng)用前景。本文主要包括以下內(nèi)容:1.總結(jié)了國(guó)內(nèi)外水力除焦監(jiān)測(cè)研究現(xiàn)狀,介紹了光纖聲學(xué)傳感器在水力除焦中的應(yīng)用情況,確定了采用光纖F-P聲發(fā)射傳感器監(jiān)測(cè)水力除焦進(jìn)展的研究方向,分析了光纖F-P聲發(fā)射傳感器的基本原理;2.根據(jù)熱傳導(dǎo)理論以及實(shí)際加工情況,簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)計(jì)出了適用于傳感器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)目標(biāo)工作溫度的傳感器散熱部件。以光纖F-P傳感器的工作原理為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)彈性力學(xué)理論,分別計(jì)算并模擬了傳感器的響應(yīng)頻率、靈敏度與彈性膜片有效半徑和厚度的關(guān)系。同時(shí),模擬了光纖F-P諧振腔的腔長(zhǎng)與輸出光強(qiáng)對(duì)比度的關(guān)系,獲得較優(yōu)化的光纖F-P諧振腔的尺寸;3.探索具有溫度自補(bǔ)償特性的光纖F-P聲學(xué)傳感諧振腔制備與老化等工藝,根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)好的F-P諧振腔尺寸,完成F-P聲學(xué)傳感諧振腔的制備、老化與封裝;4.研究了制備出的光纖F-P聲學(xué)傳感諧振腔溫度特性,結(jié)果表明光纖F-P聲學(xué)傳感諧振腔可用于目標(biāo)工作溫度范圍內(nèi)的測(cè)量。同時(shí),研究了光纖F-P聲學(xué)傳感諧振腔的聲學(xué)頻響特性,結(jié)果表明該光纖F-P聲學(xué)傳感諧振腔對(duì)1000Hz~5000Hz范圍的聲音信號(hào)具有良好的頻響特性,可用于水力除焦產(chǎn)生聲音信號(hào)的測(cè)量;5.將制備好的光纖F-P聲學(xué)傳感器安裝于石化焦化裝置進(jìn)行水力除焦的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)。初步試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該傳感器可用于探測(cè)在線監(jiān)測(cè)中除焦的干凈程度與焦炭厚度的變化,表明本文研究的光纖F-P聲學(xué)傳感器可應(yīng)用于水力除焦進(jìn)展在線監(jiān)測(cè)。
[Abstract]:Delayed coking unit is a large-scale chemical machinery equipment, because of the lack of effective sensing monitoring means, in order to remove more than 1,000 tons of coke synthesized in the sealed tank coking plant up to 50 meters in diameter and more than 10 meters in diameter. At present, it is generally dependent on the working experience of the operator to judge the residual situation of coke in the plant to carry out hydraulic coke removal. This operation method, which only depends on manual experience, will result in high production energy consumption and low working efficiency. At the same time, there are some potential safety problems. In this paper, the theoretical and experimental study of an optical fiber F-P acoustic sensor is carried out. The sensor can be used to monitor the progress of defocusing in on-line real-time monitoring. It is of great theoretical value and application prospect to improve the efficiency and safety of hydraulic coke removal. This paper mainly includes the following contents: 1. The present situation of monitoring and monitoring of hydraulic coke removal at home and abroad is summarized. The application of fiber optic acoustic sensor in hydraulic defocusing is introduced, and the research direction of monitoring the progress of hydraulic defocusing with fiber F-P acoustic emission sensor is determined. The basic principle of optical fiber F-P acoustic emission sensor is analyzed. 2.According to the heat conduction theory and the actual processing conditions, the sensor heat dissipation parts suitable for the working temperature of the field target of the sensor are simply designed, which is based on the working principle of the optical fiber F-P sensor. According to the theory of elasticity, the relationship between the response frequency, sensitivity and the effective radius and thickness of the elastic diaphragm is calculated and simulated. The relationship between the cavity length of fiber F-P resonator and the contrast of output light intensity is simulated, and the optimized size of F-P resonator is obtained. 3. The fabrication and aging process of fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator with temperature self-compensation is explored. According to the size of the designed F-P resonator, the fabrication of F-P acoustic sensing resonator is completed. Aging and packaging; 4. The temperature characteristics of the fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator are studied. The results show that the fiber F-P acoustic sensing cavity can be used to measure the target operating temperature. The acoustic frequency response of fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator is studied. The results show that the fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator has a good frequency response to the sound signal in the 1000 Hz range, and can be used to measure the sound signal generated by hydraulic defocusing. 5. The fiber optic F-P acoustic sensor was installed in the petrochemical coking plant for the field test of hydraulic decoking. The sensor can be used to detect the change of defocusing cleanliness and coke thickness in on-line monitoring, which indicates that the optical fiber F-P acoustic sensor studied in this paper can be used in on-line monitoring of hydrodynamic decoking progress.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE96;TP212

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本文編號(hào)：1444424