本文關鍵詞： 水力除焦 光纖F-P聲學傳感器 溫度特性 在線監(jiān)測　出處：《武漢理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：延遲焦化裝置是大型化工機械裝備,由于缺乏有效的傳感監(jiān)測手段,為了移除合成于高達50米且直徑超過10米的密封罐狀焦化裝置中的千余噸焦炭,目前普遍依靠操作人員的工作經(jīng)驗去判斷裝置中焦炭的殘留情況來進行水力除焦作業(yè)。這種僅僅依靠人工經(jīng)驗的操作方法會造成生產(chǎn)能耗大,工作效率低,同時存在較大的安全隱患。針對此,本文開展了一種光纖F-P聲學傳感器的理論與實驗研究,該傳感器可用于在線實時監(jiān)測除焦作業(yè)中切焦的進展,提高水力除焦作業(yè)的效率與安全性,具有較大的理論價值與應用前景。本文主要包括以下內(nèi)容:1.總結了國內(nèi)外水力除焦監(jiān)測研究現(xiàn)狀,介紹了光纖聲學傳感器在水力除焦中的應用情況,確定了采用光纖F-P聲發(fā)射傳感器監(jiān)測水力除焦進展的研究方向,分析了光纖F-P聲發(fā)射傳感器的基本原理;2.根據(jù)熱傳導理論以及實際加工情況,簡單設計出了適用于傳感器現(xiàn)場目標工作溫度的傳感器散熱部件。以光纖F-P傳感器的工作原理為基礎,根據(jù)彈性力學理論,分別計算并模擬了傳感器的響應頻率、靈敏度與彈性膜片有效半徑和厚度的關系。同時,模擬了光纖F-P諧振腔的腔長與輸出光強對比度的關系,獲得較優(yōu)化的光纖F-P諧振腔的尺寸;3.探索具有溫度自補償特性的光纖F-P聲學傳感諧振腔制備與老化等工藝,根據(jù)設計好的F-P諧振腔尺寸,完成F-P聲學傳感諧振腔的制備、老化與封裝;4.研究了制備出的光纖F-P聲學傳感諧振腔溫度特性,結果表明光纖F-P聲學傳感諧振腔可用于目標工作溫度范圍內(nèi)的測量。同時,研究了光纖F-P聲學傳感諧振腔的聲學頻響特性,結果表明該光纖F-P聲學傳感諧振腔對1000Hz~5000Hz范圍的聲音信號具有良好的頻響特性,可用于水力除焦產(chǎn)生聲音信號的測量;5.將制備好的光纖F-P聲學傳感器安裝于石化焦化裝置進行水力除焦的現(xiàn)場試驗。初步試驗結果表明,該傳感器可用于探測在線監(jiān)測中除焦的干凈程度與焦炭厚度的變化,表明本文研究的光纖F-P聲學傳感器可應用于水力除焦進展在線監(jiān)測。
[Abstract]:Delayed coking unit is a large-scale chemical machinery equipment, because of the lack of effective sensing monitoring means, in order to remove more than 1,000 tons of coke synthesized in the sealed tank coking plant up to 50 meters in diameter and more than 10 meters in diameter. At present, it is generally dependent on the working experience of the operator to judge the residual situation of coke in the plant to carry out hydraulic coke removal. This operation method, which only depends on manual experience, will result in high production energy consumption and low working efficiency. At the same time, there are some potential safety problems. In this paper, the theoretical and experimental study of an optical fiber F-P acoustic sensor is carried out. The sensor can be used to monitor the progress of defocusing in on-line real-time monitoring. It is of great theoretical value and application prospect to improve the efficiency and safety of hydraulic coke removal. This paper mainly includes the following contents: 1. The present situation of monitoring and monitoring of hydraulic coke removal at home and abroad is summarized. The application of fiber optic acoustic sensor in hydraulic defocusing is introduced, and the research direction of monitoring the progress of hydraulic defocusing with fiber F-P acoustic emission sensor is determined. The basic principle of optical fiber F-P acoustic emission sensor is analyzed. 2.According to the heat conduction theory and the actual processing conditions, the sensor heat dissipation parts suitable for the working temperature of the field target of the sensor are simply designed, which is based on the working principle of the optical fiber F-P sensor. According to the theory of elasticity, the relationship between the response frequency, sensitivity and the effective radius and thickness of the elastic diaphragm is calculated and simulated. The relationship between the cavity length of fiber F-P resonator and the contrast of output light intensity is simulated, and the optimized size of F-P resonator is obtained. 3. The fabrication and aging process of fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator with temperature self-compensation is explored. According to the size of the designed F-P resonator, the fabrication of F-P acoustic sensing resonator is completed. Aging and packaging; 4. The temperature characteristics of the fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator are studied. The results show that the fiber F-P acoustic sensing cavity can be used to measure the target operating temperature. The acoustic frequency response of fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator is studied. The results show that the fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator has a good frequency response to the sound signal in the 1000 Hz range, and can be used to measure the sound signal generated by hydraulic defocusing. 5. The fiber optic F-P acoustic sensor was installed in the petrochemical coking plant for the field test of hydraulic decoking. The sensor can be used to detect the change of defocusing cleanliness and coke thickness in on-line monitoring, which indicates that the optical fiber F-P acoustic sensor studied in this paper can be used in on-line monitoring of hydrodynamic decoking progress.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE96;TP212

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本文編號：1444424