【摘要】：建筑節(jié)能是可持續(xù)性發(fā)展建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容之一，其基本任務(wù)是：以最小的能耗代價(jià)，實(shí)現(xiàn)必要的室內(nèi)熱舒適性，保證足夠的衛(wèi)生條件。建筑節(jié)能的研發(fā)與工程方向大致在于四個(gè)方面——高熱工性能的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)，以降低通過圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)形成的負(fù)荷；高效率的設(shè)備，以降低處理同等負(fù)荷的能量消耗；合理有效的控制方法與手段，以保證系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備運(yùn)行的效率，并保證室內(nèi)熱舒適性與衛(wèi)生條件；可再生能源的利用，以降低化石能源的消耗。 本文研究一種新型的外墻——?dú)饬鞣礉B隔熱墻。該墻的核心是在墻體結(jié)構(gòu)中設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)由多孔透氣材料構(gòu)成的氣流滲透層，其基本工作方式是，結(jié)合空調(diào)房間的新風(fēng)及排風(fēng)需求，通過墻體的滲透層設(shè)計(jì)，組織排風(fēng)以滲透方式、反向流過滲透層，最終排向室外。排風(fēng)氣流在多孔材料結(jié)構(gòu)層進(jìn)行反向滲透時(shí)，能有效地將溫差作用下傳向室內(nèi)的導(dǎo)熱熱量，以對流形式反向帶出至室外，實(shí)現(xiàn)墻體的高效隔熱。這種氣流反滲隔熱機(jī)制在大幅度降低外墻負(fù)荷的同時(shí)，還能答復(fù)降低墻體室內(nèi)側(cè)表面與室內(nèi)空氣的溫差，從而提供更好的熱舒適性。此外，現(xiàn)代建筑的密閉性越來越高，氣流反滲隔熱墻構(gòu)成的排風(fēng)通道為新風(fēng)進(jìn)入室內(nèi)提供了便利，有利于保證空氣品質(zhì)。 本文詳細(xì)描述了氣流反滲隔熱墻的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作模式，并在此為基礎(chǔ)上，建立了氣流反滲隔熱墻的穩(wěn)態(tài)和非穩(wěn)態(tài)傳熱數(shù)學(xué)模型。利用穩(wěn)態(tài)模型計(jì)算和分析了影響氣流反滲隔熱墻傳熱特性的主要因素。利用非穩(wěn)態(tài)模型，對供冷季氣流反滲隔熱墻的保溫隔熱性能參數(shù)進(jìn)行了分析計(jì)算，包括了熱阻、衰減系數(shù)和延遲時(shí)間，并將結(jié)果與常用的24磚墻及外保溫墻進(jìn)行了比較。此外，通過建立房間空氣平衡與墻體傳熱的耦合模型，進(jìn)一步計(jì)算、分析和比較了上述三種不同外墻的房間在夏季設(shè)計(jì)日的房間溫度響應(yīng)特性、外墻負(fù)荷特性和熱舒適性。 本文研究得到以下主要結(jié)論表明：（1）氣流反滲隔熱墻的傳熱主要受滲透流速和多孔材料厚度的影響，墻體的保溫隔熱性能隨滲透流速和多孔材料厚度增加而增加；（2）相比于24磚墻和外保溫墻，氣流反滲隔熱墻具有相對更高的熱阻，同時(shí)可以達(dá)到趨近于0的衰減系數(shù)，在此條件下延遲時(shí)間的差異性基本上可以忽略；（3）在房間中，氣流反滲隔熱墻的開機(jī)反應(yīng)是三種墻體中最快的，內(nèi)表面溫度與室內(nèi)溫度始終維持小于1℃的溫差；（4）夏季設(shè)計(jì)日中，氣流反滲隔熱墻的冷負(fù)荷遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于其余兩種墻體，只有24磚墻冷負(fù)荷的1/25和外保溫墻冷負(fù)荷的1/18，節(jié)能優(yōu)勢明顯。并且氣流反滲隔熱墻提供了更均勻的室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境。 研究結(jié)果表明，氣流反滲隔熱墻具有十分優(yōu)越的熱工性能，與常用墻體相比，外墻負(fù)荷得到大幅降低。采用該種外墻的房間，室內(nèi)溫度的開機(jī)響應(yīng)快，，對室外綜合溫度的擾動不敏感，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更加的熱舒適性，具有良好的工程應(yīng)用潛力，值得進(jìn)一步深入研究。
[Abstract]:Building energy efficiency is one of the important contents of the sustainable development and construction. Its basic task is to achieve the necessary indoor thermal comfort with the minimum energy consumption and to ensure adequate sanitation. The research and development of building energy efficiency and the engineering direction are basically four aspects _ high thermal performance of the enclosure structure, so as to reduce the load formed through the enclosure structure; the high-efficiency equipment is used for reducing the energy consumption of the processing of the same load; and the reasonable and effective control method and the means, So as to ensure the operation efficiency of the system and the equipment, and ensure the indoor thermal comfort and the sanitary condition; and the utilization of the renewable energy source can reduce the consumption of the fossil energy. In this paper, a new type of external wall _ air-flow anti-seepage heat insulation is studied The core of the wall is to design a gas-flow permeable layer composed of a porous air-permeable material in the wall structure, a layer, a final discharge chamber, in addition, when the air exhaust gas flows in the reverse osmosis of the porous material structure layer, the heat conduction heat transmitted to the indoor can be effectively transmitted under the action of the temperature difference, and the air exhaust air flow is reversely brought out to the outside in a convection form, so that the high-efficiency separation of the wall body is realized, The air-flow anti-infiltration and heat-insulation mechanism can greatly reduce the load of the outer wall and also can respond to the temperature difference between the indoor side surface of the wall and the indoor air so as to provide better heat and comfort. In addition, the close-close of the modern building is becoming more and more high, and the air exhaust channel formed by the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall is convenient for the fresh air to enter the room, thus being beneficial to ensuring the air product. In this paper, the structure and working mode of the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall are described in detail. On the basis of this, the steady and unsteady heat transfer numbers of the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall are established. Using the steady-state model to calculate and analyze the main factors that influence the heat transfer characteristics of the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall In this paper, a non-steady-state model is used to analyze and calculate the heat-insulating and heat-insulating performance parameters of the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall for the cold season, including the thermal resistance, the attenuation coefficient and the delay time, and the result is compared with the commonly used 24-wall brick and the external heat-insulating wall. In addition, by establishing the coupling model of room air balance and wall heat transfer, the room temperature response characteristics, exterior wall load characteristics and heat of the three different outer wall rooms in summer were analyzed and compared. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The heat transfer of the air-flow anti-infiltration heat-insulating wall is mainly influenced by the penetration flow rate and the thickness of the porous material, and the heat-insulating property of the wall can be increased with the increase of the penetration flow rate and the thickness of the porous material; and (2) compared with the 24-brick wall, and (3) in the room, the start-up reaction of the air-flow anti-infiltration heat-insulating wall is three walls, The fastest, inner surface temperature and room temperature in the body shall be maintained at a temperature difference of less than 1 鈩

本文編號：2506581