【摘要】：框架結(jié)構(gòu)是近些年來發(fā)展迅速的一種空間結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)適合于大空間、超大空間機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),投資巨大,往往是配置重要設(shè)施的場(chǎng)所。如果發(fā)生事故將可能引起重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和生命危險(xiǎn)。近年來發(fā)生了許多大跨度空間結(jié)構(gòu)倒塌的實(shí)例。因此,如何檢測(cè)和監(jiān)測(cè)框架的運(yùn)行狀況有很大的實(shí)際意義。結(jié)構(gòu)的檢測(cè)有靜力方法和動(dòng)力方法,動(dòng)力方法可以得到結(jié)構(gòu)的頻率、振型等參數(shù),便于從整體上把握結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)行性能,本文主要研究框架檢測(cè)的動(dòng)力方法。在框架結(jié)構(gòu)眾多的損傷當(dāng)中,裂紋損傷是一種非常普遍的機(jī)械損傷。本文以簡單的框架結(jié)構(gòu)模型的仿真研究為基礎(chǔ),通過仿真得出框架出現(xiàn)裂紋時(shí)的頻率、振型等動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù),并根據(jù)這些參數(shù)分析框架結(jié)構(gòu)的頻域特性,根據(jù)框架結(jié)構(gòu)有裂紋時(shí)和沒有裂紋時(shí)的頻域特性對(duì)框架結(jié)構(gòu)的裂紋位置進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。以框架結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合ANSYS有限元軟件,采用有限單元法對(duì)框架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行單元節(jié)點(diǎn)劃分,運(yùn)用APDL語言在ANSYS軟件中建立起了空間框架結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元模型。對(duì)框架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析、時(shí)域分析,研究裂紋對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的振型產(chǎn)生的影響。分別以懸臂梁結(jié)構(gòu)和框架結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行了裂紋位置的診斷。提出了一種新的裂紋定位法,并通過計(jì)算和仿真驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性。最后,考慮到實(shí)際檢測(cè)中,框架結(jié)構(gòu)自由度數(shù)目巨大,不可能得到所有自由度上的振動(dòng)信息,會(huì)遇到測(cè)量模態(tài)不完備的情況,文中分析了傳感器的優(yōu)化布置,以及得到不完備測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)后如何對(duì)框架結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)行情況進(jìn)行評(píng)估。提出了基于有效獨(dú)立法來確定裂紋的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的位置,并通過仿真對(duì)比了隨機(jī)選取監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的位置與按有效獨(dú)立法確定監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的位置所得到的結(jié)果,證明了有效獨(dú)立法的可行性。
[Abstract]:Frame structure is a kind of spatial structure with rapid development in recent years. This structure is suitable for large space, large space machinery structure, huge investment, often equipped with important facilities. If an accident occurs, it may cause great economic loss and life danger. In recent years, many examples of collapse of long-span spatial structures have occurred. Therefore, how to detect and monitor the operation of the framework has great practical significance. There are static and dynamic methods for structural detection. The dynamic method can obtain the frequency, vibration mode and other parameters of the structure, which is convenient to grasp the operation performance of the structure as a whole. In this paper, the dynamic method of frame detection is mainly studied. Among the many damage of frame structure, crack damage is a very common mechanical damage. In this paper, based on the simulation of a simple frame structure model, the frequency, vibration mode and other dynamic parameters of the frame structure when cracks occur are obtained by simulation, and the frequency domain characteristics of the frame structure are analyzed according to these parameters. According to the frequency domain characteristics of the frame structure with and without cracks, the crack position of the frame structure is detected. Taking the frame structure as the research object, combined with ANSYS finite element software, the finite element method is used to divide the element nodes of the frame structure, and the finite element model of the spatial frame structure is established in ANSYS software by using APDL language. The modal analysis and time domain analysis of the frame structure are carried out to study the influence of cracks on the vibration mode of the structure. The crack position of cantilever beam structure and frame structure is diagnosed respectively. A new crack location method is proposed, and the effectiveness of the method is verified by calculation and simulation. Finally, considering that in the actual detection, the number of degrees of freedom of the frame structure is huge, it is impossible to obtain the vibration information on all degrees of freedom, and the measurement mode is incomplete. The optimal arrangement of the sensor is analyzed in this paper. And how to evaluate the operation of the frame structure after obtaining the incomplete measurement data. The position of the monitoring point of the crack is determined based on the effective independence legislation, and the results obtained from the random selection of the monitoring point and the position of the monitoring point determined by the effective independent legislation are compared by simulation, which proves the feasibility of the effective independent legislation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU317

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