【摘要】：液壓挖掘機(jī)作為工程機(jī)械的標(biāo)兵產(chǎn)品，在道路建筑、城市規(guī)劃以及能源建設(shè)等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮決定性的作用，而工作裝置作為液壓挖掘機(jī)的核心機(jī)構(gòu)，其工作性能是整機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)水平的重要標(biāo)志。基于現(xiàn)狀，國(guó)內(nèi)挖掘機(jī)多半模仿國(guó)外典型機(jī)型的標(biāo)桿產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，但是在實(shí)際挖掘過程中常出現(xiàn)挖掘力不足、工作效率低和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性差等現(xiàn)象，本文提出了基于組合挖掘的液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)新方法。 經(jīng)多次試驗(yàn)測(cè)試，挖掘機(jī)的習(xí)慣工作軌跡表明復(fù)合挖掘和斗桿挖掘在實(shí)際挖掘過程中發(fā)揮著重要的作用，每臺(tái)挖掘機(jī)針對(duì)不同的挖掘?qū)ο螅骶吡?xí)慣的工作路徑。本文提出的組合挖掘方式包括基于作業(yè)路徑上的多段單缸挖掘軌跡的組合和基于可行區(qū)域內(nèi)離散點(diǎn)的雙缸同時(shí)主動(dòng)復(fù)合作用兩種，建立新的性能分析模型后，綜合分析比較國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)的挖掘機(jī)挖掘性能參數(shù)，可以理論上解釋國(guó)產(chǎn)挖掘機(jī)的挖掘性能缺陷，證明了基于組合挖掘的挖掘機(jī)性能分析方法可以更加準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)出挖掘機(jī)的挖掘性能。針對(duì)新的性能分析方法數(shù)學(xué)模型，抽取工作裝置的鉸點(diǎn)布置參數(shù)作為設(shè)計(jì)變量，加上有效的約束函數(shù)，可以設(shè)計(jì)出追求挖掘力大小、燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性更好的優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品。建立優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型后，通過遺傳算法求解多目標(biāo)函數(shù)，優(yōu)化結(jié)果顯示挖掘機(jī)的挖掘性能在習(xí)慣作業(yè)路徑上最大挖掘力提高了10%,雙缸復(fù)合挖掘時(shí)工作油缸的充分發(fā)揮比例提高了13%以及最大復(fù)合挖掘力提高了8%，證明新優(yōu)化方法在提高挖掘性能上的可行性。最后通過VB語言編制液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作裝置優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)通用軟件，給國(guó)產(chǎn)液壓挖掘機(jī)提供更高更有效的設(shè)計(jì)平臺(tái)。 本文具體的研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下： ①熟悉了液壓挖掘機(jī)工作特點(diǎn)，建立挖掘機(jī)整機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)、力學(xué)模型，求解推算工作裝置的鉸點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)及整機(jī)挖掘力大小數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式，為挖掘性能分析提供理論依據(jù)。 ②概述目前普遍的挖掘機(jī)挖掘性能分析及相應(yīng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法，闡述基于組合挖掘性能分析方法的建模思想及可行性，，利用VB語言編制基于新的性能分析方法及優(yōu)化方法的通用軟件。 ③針對(duì)某國(guó)產(chǎn)36噸液壓挖掘機(jī)及其標(biāo)桿產(chǎn)品基于組合挖掘方式進(jìn)行挖掘性能分析，對(duì)比習(xí)慣作業(yè)路徑上挖掘機(jī)大小、充分發(fā)揮的比例以及復(fù)合挖掘力的大小、充分發(fā)揮比例，驗(yàn)證性的性能分析方法的準(zhǔn)確性。 ④建立基于組合挖掘方式的工作裝置優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)新方法，并針對(duì)有性能缺陷的國(guó)產(chǎn)挖掘機(jī)進(jìn)行工作裝置優(yōu)化改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，通過遺傳算法求解優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型，最后對(duì)比優(yōu)化前后挖掘機(jī)挖掘性能，證明新的優(yōu)化算法提高挖掘機(jī)挖掘性能的可行性。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator, as the standard product of construction machinery, plays a decisive role in road construction, urban planning and energy construction, and the working device is the core organization of hydraulic excavator. Its working performance is an important symbol of the design level of the whole machine. Based on the present situation, most of the domestic excavators imitate the benchmarking products of typical foreign models to improve the design, but in the actual excavation process, there are often some phenomena, such as insufficient excavating power, low working efficiency and poor fuel economy. In this paper, a new method of optimal design of hydraulic excavator working device based on combined mining is presented. Through many experiments and tests, the customary working track of excavator shows that compound mining and bucket rod mining play an important role in the actual mining process. Each excavator has its own customary working path for different mining objects. The combined mining methods proposed in this paper include the combination of multi-segment single-cylinder mining tracks on the job path and the simultaneous active recombination of two cylinders based on discrete points in the feasible area. After establishing a new performance analysis model, Comprehensive analysis and comparison of advanced excavator mining performance parameters at home and abroad can theoretically explain the mining performance defects of domestic excavators. It is proved that the performance analysis method of excavator based on combination mining can express the mining performance of excavator more accurately. According to the mathematical model of the new performance analysis method, the hinge point layout parameters of the working device can be selected as design variables, and the effective constraint function can be used to design the optimized products which pursue the size of excavating force and fuel economy. After the optimization mathematical model is established, the multi-objective function is solved by genetic algorithm. The optimization results show that the mining performance of the excavator is increased by 10% in the customary operation path. The full play proportion of the working cylinder and the maximum compound excavation force are increased by 13% and 8% respectively, which proves the feasibility of the new optimization method in improving the mining performance. Finally, the general software of optimal design of hydraulic excavator is compiled by VB language, which provides a higher and more effective design platform for domestic hydraulic excavator. The specific research contents of this paper include the following: 1 familiar with the working characteristics of the hydraulic excavator, establishing the kinematic and mechanical model of the excavator, solving the coordinate of the hinge point of the working device and the mathematical expression of the excavating force of the whole machine, It provides a theoretical basis for mining performance analysis. (2) this paper summarizes the common excavator mining performance analysis and the corresponding optimization design method, and expounds the modeling idea and feasibility based on the combined mining performance analysis method. The general software based on the new performance analysis method and optimization method is programmed with VB language. (3) the mining performance of a domestic 36-ton hydraulic excavator and its benchmarking products is analyzed based on the combination mining method, and the excavator size, the proportion of full play and the compound excavating force on the customary operation path are compared, and the proportion is brought into full play. The accuracy of verifiable performance analysis methods. (4) A new method of optimal design of working device based on combination mining is established, and the optimization design of working device is carried out for domestic excavator with performance defects, and the optimization mathematical model is solved by genetic algorithm. Finally, compared with the excavator mining performance before and after optimization, it is proved that the new optimization algorithm is feasible to improve the excavator mining performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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