北方地區(qū)居住建筑通風(fēng)熱回收技術(shù)應(yīng)用分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-18 01:15
【摘要】：隨著能源危機(jī)的出現(xiàn),我國(guó)北方地區(qū)居住建筑節(jié)能率不斷提高,建筑外門窗氣密性也隨之提高。外門窗氣密性的提高減少了通過(guò)滲透作用進(jìn)入室內(nèi)的新風(fēng)量,室內(nèi)精裝修增加了室內(nèi)污染源,二者綜合作用下,在我國(guó)北方地區(qū)居住建筑中出現(xiàn)了室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)下降的現(xiàn)象。居住建筑節(jié)能與室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)之間產(chǎn)生了矛盾。兼顧建筑節(jié)能與室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì),本文提出了在北方地區(qū)居住建筑中采用集中式機(jī)械通風(fēng)熱回收系統(tǒng)的解決策略,并重點(diǎn)對(duì)其節(jié)能性進(jìn)行了研究。 首先從實(shí)測(cè)北方地區(qū)新建居住建筑氣密性入手,了解新建居住建筑氣密性現(xiàn)狀；然后以測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),分析北方地區(qū)典型城市居住建筑冷風(fēng)滲透耗熱量比例；其次以典型城市為例,模擬分析居住建筑采用了通風(fēng)熱回收技術(shù)之后的節(jié)能潛力,并提出相應(yīng)的節(jié)能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)；最后對(duì)熱回收機(jī)械通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)在我國(guó)北方地區(qū)應(yīng)用時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性進(jìn)行分析。 本文實(shí)測(cè)了大連地區(qū)10戶新建居住建筑的整體氣密性,提出了一種計(jì)算建筑自然狀態(tài)下冷風(fēng)滲透量的簡(jiǎn)便方法,并采用該方法對(duì)大連、沈陽(yáng)、哈爾濱地區(qū)建筑自然狀態(tài)下冷風(fēng)滲透量進(jìn)行了計(jì)算與討論。實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果表明,所有被測(cè)對(duì)象建筑整體氣密性均小于3.0次/h,低于自然通風(fēng)時(shí)歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)建筑氣密性的限值,多數(shù)被測(cè)對(duì)象接近機(jī)械通風(fēng)時(shí)對(duì)建筑氣密性的限值(1.5次/h)。建筑自然狀態(tài)下冷風(fēng)滲透量計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,忽略熱壓作用與室外風(fēng)向變化、假定建筑縫隙最長(zhǎng)面面向主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向時(shí),大連、沈陽(yáng)、哈爾濱地區(qū)采暖季建筑平均換氣次數(shù)分別為0.46次/h、0.28次/h、0.24次/h,不滿足最新的ASHRAE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中相應(yīng)規(guī)定。分別采用縫隙法、換氣次數(shù)法、實(shí)測(cè)法計(jì)算了建筑的冷風(fēng)滲透耗熱量。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,實(shí)際情況下,大連地區(qū)、沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)、哈爾濱地區(qū)建筑冷風(fēng)滲透耗熱量比例分別為29%、23%、22%左右,小于建筑外墻、外窗等部位相應(yīng)值,但是換氣量不能滿足節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相應(yīng)規(guī)定；嚴(yán)格按照節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行通風(fēng)(0.5次/h),大連地區(qū)、沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)、哈爾濱地區(qū)冷風(fēng)滲透耗熱量比例分別為31%、35%、36%,將高于外墻、外窗等部位耗熱量比例。采用DeST軟件模擬分析了北方地區(qū)典型建筑安裝集中式機(jī)械通風(fēng)熱回收系統(tǒng)之后的節(jié)能潛力,并提出相應(yīng)的指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)其節(jié)能效果。模擬結(jié)果表明,在我國(guó)北方地區(qū),采用集中式熱回收機(jī)械通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)之后,居住建筑節(jié)能效果明顯。當(dāng)系統(tǒng)連續(xù)運(yùn)行、采用顯熱回收、熱回收效率為60%時(shí),與未采取熱回收時(shí)的建筑物耗煤量相比,哈爾濱地區(qū)、沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)、大連地區(qū)依次降低為原有值的77%、78%、75%。系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析結(jié)果表明,在忽略建筑改造費(fèi)用、系統(tǒng)配套設(shè)施費(fèi)的前提下,系統(tǒng)單位面積初投資僅為19.5元/m2,動(dòng)態(tài)追加投資回收期均小于4年,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于設(shè)備壽命周期,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益明顯。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of energy crisis, the energy saving rate of residential buildings in northern China is increasing, and the air tightness of doors and windows outside buildings is also improved. The improvement of air tightness of outer doors and windows reduces the fresh air volume entering the room through infiltration, and the indoor fine decoration increases the indoor pollution sources. Under the comprehensive action of the two, the indoor air quality decreases in the residential buildings in the north of China. There is a contradiction between energy saving of residential buildings and indoor air quality. Taking into account building energy saving and indoor air quality, this paper puts forward the solution strategy of adopting centralized mechanical ventilation heat recovery system in residential buildings in northern China, and focuses on its energy saving research. Firstly, the air tightness of newly built residential buildings in northern China is measured to understand the present situation of air tightness of newly built residential buildings, and then, based on the test data, the proportion of cold air infiltration and heat consumption of residential buildings in typical cities in northern China is analyzed. Secondly, taking the typical city as an example, the energy saving potential of residential buildings after adopting ventilation and heat recovery technology is simulated and analyzed, and the corresponding energy saving evaluation indexes are put forward. Finally, the economy of heat recovery mechanical ventilation system in northern China is analyzed. In this paper, the overall air tightness of 10 newly built residential buildings in Dalian area is measured, and a simple method for calculating the cold air permeability in the natural state of the building is put forward, and this method is used to calculate the cold air permeability of Dalian and Shenyang. The calculation and discussion of cold air permeability in Harbin area under natural condition are carried out. The measured results show that the overall air tightness of all the buildings under test is less than 3.0 times / h, which is lower than the limit value of the European standard for building air tightness when natural ventilation is carried out. Limit for building air tightness when most of the subjects tested are close to mechanical ventilation (1.5 times / h).) The calculation results of cold air permeability in the natural state of the building show that the effect of hot pressing and the change of outdoor wind direction are ignored, and it is assumed that when the longest surface direction of the building crevice is dominant, Dalian, Shenyang, The average ventilation frequency of buildings in Harbin heating season is 0.46 / h, 0.28 / h and 0.24 / h, which does not meet the corresponding provisions of the latest ASHRAE standard. The cold air infiltration heat consumption of the building is calculated by slit method, air exchange times method and actual measurement method respectively. the heat consumption of cold air penetration in buildings is calculated by slot method, ventilation times method and actual measurement method respectively. The calculation results show that, in fact, the proportion of cold air infiltration and heat consumption of buildings in Dalian, Shenyang and Harbin is 29%, 23% and 22%, respectively, which is smaller than the corresponding values of building exterior wall, outer window and other parts. However, the gas exchange can not meet the corresponding provisions of energy saving standards; Ventilation is carried out strictly in accordance with energy saving standards (0.5times / h), in Dalian, Shenyang and Harbin, respectively, the proportion of heat consumption of cold air infiltration is 31%, 35%, 36%, which will be higher than that of external wall, outer window and other parts. The energy saving potential of typical buildings in northern China after installing centralized mechanical ventilation heat recovery system is simulated and analyzed by DeST software, and the corresponding indexes are put forward to evaluate its energy saving effect. The simulation results show that the energy saving effect of residential buildings is obvious after the centralized heat recovery machinery ventilation system is adopted in the north of China. When the system runs continuously and adopts sensible heat recovery and the heat recovery efficiency is 60%, compared with the coal consumption of buildings without heat recovery, the coal consumption of buildings in Harbin, Shenyang and Dalian is reduced to 77%, 78% and 75% respectively. The results of system economic analysis show that the initial investment per unit area of the system is only 19.5 yuan / m2, and the payback period of dynamic additional investment is less than 4 years on the premise of neglecting the cost of construction transformation and the cost of supporting the system. It is much smaller than the life cycle of the equipment, and the economic benefit is obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU834.51
本文編號(hào)：2479549
[Abstract]:With the emergence of energy crisis, the energy saving rate of residential buildings in northern China is increasing, and the air tightness of doors and windows outside buildings is also improved. The improvement of air tightness of outer doors and windows reduces the fresh air volume entering the room through infiltration, and the indoor fine decoration increases the indoor pollution sources. Under the comprehensive action of the two, the indoor air quality decreases in the residential buildings in the north of China. There is a contradiction between energy saving of residential buildings and indoor air quality. Taking into account building energy saving and indoor air quality, this paper puts forward the solution strategy of adopting centralized mechanical ventilation heat recovery system in residential buildings in northern China, and focuses on its energy saving research. Firstly, the air tightness of newly built residential buildings in northern China is measured to understand the present situation of air tightness of newly built residential buildings, and then, based on the test data, the proportion of cold air infiltration and heat consumption of residential buildings in typical cities in northern China is analyzed. Secondly, taking the typical city as an example, the energy saving potential of residential buildings after adopting ventilation and heat recovery technology is simulated and analyzed, and the corresponding energy saving evaluation indexes are put forward. Finally, the economy of heat recovery mechanical ventilation system in northern China is analyzed. In this paper, the overall air tightness of 10 newly built residential buildings in Dalian area is measured, and a simple method for calculating the cold air permeability in the natural state of the building is put forward, and this method is used to calculate the cold air permeability of Dalian and Shenyang. The calculation and discussion of cold air permeability in Harbin area under natural condition are carried out. The measured results show that the overall air tightness of all the buildings under test is less than 3.0 times / h, which is lower than the limit value of the European standard for building air tightness when natural ventilation is carried out. Limit for building air tightness when most of the subjects tested are close to mechanical ventilation (1.5 times / h).) The calculation results of cold air permeability in the natural state of the building show that the effect of hot pressing and the change of outdoor wind direction are ignored, and it is assumed that when the longest surface direction of the building crevice is dominant, Dalian, Shenyang, The average ventilation frequency of buildings in Harbin heating season is 0.46 / h, 0.28 / h and 0.24 / h, which does not meet the corresponding provisions of the latest ASHRAE standard. The cold air infiltration heat consumption of the building is calculated by slit method, air exchange times method and actual measurement method respectively. the heat consumption of cold air penetration in buildings is calculated by slot method, ventilation times method and actual measurement method respectively. The calculation results show that, in fact, the proportion of cold air infiltration and heat consumption of buildings in Dalian, Shenyang and Harbin is 29%, 23% and 22%, respectively, which is smaller than the corresponding values of building exterior wall, outer window and other parts. However, the gas exchange can not meet the corresponding provisions of energy saving standards; Ventilation is carried out strictly in accordance with energy saving standards (0.5times / h), in Dalian, Shenyang and Harbin, respectively, the proportion of heat consumption of cold air infiltration is 31%, 35%, 36%, which will be higher than that of external wall, outer window and other parts. The energy saving potential of typical buildings in northern China after installing centralized mechanical ventilation heat recovery system is simulated and analyzed by DeST software, and the corresponding indexes are put forward to evaluate its energy saving effect. The simulation results show that the energy saving effect of residential buildings is obvious after the centralized heat recovery machinery ventilation system is adopted in the north of China. When the system runs continuously and adopts sensible heat recovery and the heat recovery efficiency is 60%, compared with the coal consumption of buildings without heat recovery, the coal consumption of buildings in Harbin, Shenyang and Dalian is reduced to 77%, 78% and 75% respectively. The results of system economic analysis show that the initial investment per unit area of the system is only 19.5 yuan / m2, and the payback period of dynamic additional investment is less than 4 years on the premise of neglecting the cost of construction transformation and the cost of supporting the system. It is much smaller than the life cycle of the equipment, and the economic benefit is obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU834.51
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