【摘要】：由于供水管網(wǎng)的漏損、計量誤差和用戶盜水等原因,全球每年損失480億立方米以上的自來水。保守估計,全球每年的無收益水量(Non Revenue Water,NRW)損失高達(dá)140億美元以上。每年的漏損越來越嚴(yán)重,可利用的水資源也在不斷減少。因此,供水管網(wǎng)管理人員迫切需要找到有效的措施來解決管網(wǎng)漏損問題。減少無收益水量的方法很多,主要是根據(jù)經(jīng)驗判斷維修和更新漏損管道,同時降低不必要的管段壓力以減少新爆管的發(fā)生。雖然,供水管網(wǎng)的管理者很看重如何優(yōu)化資源改善操作,但是目前無收益水量的降低方法很難衡量計算,無收益水量降低的目標(biāo)也難以設(shè)定�；谝陨系难芯楷F(xiàn)狀,本文首先總結(jié)了自來水公司降低無收益水量的現(xiàn)有措施和目標(biāo)設(shè)定方法。漏損經(jīng)濟(jì)水平(Economic Level of Leakage,ELL)是最重要,也是比較難衡量計算的降低無收益水量方法之一。降低無收益水量方法的成本要低于漏水的損失。因此,在經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)方面,降低無收益水量有最低經(jīng)濟(jì)限度。其限度一般根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐乃畠r、物價等水平因地而異。在降低無收益水量的目標(biāo)比較清晰時,分析總結(jié)各種實用方法就尤為關(guān)鍵。雖然近些年傳統(tǒng)的方法并沒有顯著改善,但是理論知識和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)卻有了明顯提高。如何選擇最合適的方法是供水管網(wǎng)管理者最急需解決的難題之一。為幫助供水管網(wǎng)管理者,近些年學(xué)者研發(fā)了多種工具來評價不同無收益水量降低方法的效果。這些工具稱之為決策支持系統(tǒng),它整合多種因素(操作因素:管長,節(jié)點數(shù),管網(wǎng)壓力;經(jīng)濟(jì)因素:水價,預(yù)算,維修費(fèi)用;額外因素:城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃、交通、植被改善等)以盡可能全面地向水務(wù)公司提供相關(guān)的規(guī)劃建議與操作指南,指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)。本研究以中國某城市的實際管網(wǎng)作為研究對象,利用其實際管網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,以期得到不同方法的無收益水量降低效果評價。為了得到可靠的結(jié)果,本研究比較了多種統(tǒng)計方法:圖論分析,擬合度分析,秩相關(guān)分析和主成分分析。本文多次強(qiáng)調(diào)收集數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的重要性和區(qū)域計量分區(qū)(DMA)大小的關(guān)鍵性。雖然對于特定的供水管網(wǎng)操作無法提供健全的結(jié)論建議,但是可以為今后進(jìn)一步研究提供有效指導(dǎo)方。
[Abstract]:Due to leakage of water supply network, measurement error and user theft, more than 48 billion cubic meters of tap water is lost in the world every year. Conservatively, the world's annual loss of unprofitable water, (Non Revenue Water,NRW, amounts to more than $14 billion. Annual leakage is becoming more and more serious, and available water resources are decreasing. Therefore, water supply network managers urgently need to find effective measures to solve the problem of pipe network leakage. There are many ways to reduce the unprofitable water flow, mainly by judging the maintenance and renewal of leakage pipeline according to experience, and reducing the unnecessary pressure of pipe segment to reduce the occurrence of new burst pipe. Although the managers of water supply network attach great importance to how to optimize the operation of resource improvement, it is very difficult to measure and calculate the reduction method of unprofitable water, and the goal of reducing unprofitable water quantity is also difficult to set. Based on the above-mentioned research situation, this paper summarizes the existing measures and target setting methods for water supply companies to reduce non-profit water. Leakage economic level (Economic Level of Leakage,ELL) is one of the most important and difficult to measure methods for reducing unprofitable water volume. The cost of reducing unprofitable water is lower than the loss of leakage. Therefore, in terms of economic sustainability, there is a minimum economic limit for reducing non-yield water. Its limits are generally based on local water prices, prices and other levels vary from place to place. When the goal of reducing unprofitable water is clear, it is very important to analyze and summarize all kinds of practical methods. Although traditional methods have not improved significantly in recent years, theoretical knowledge and modern technology have improved significantly. How to choose the most suitable method is one of the most urgent problems for water supply network managers. In order to help the managers of water supply networks, many tools have been developed in recent years to evaluate the effects of different methods for reducing unprofitable water supply. These tools are called decision support systems, which integrate a variety of factors (operational factors: tube length, number of nodes, pipe network pressure; economic factors: water price, budget, maintenance costs; Additional factors: town planning, transportation, vegetation improvement, etc.) to provide water companies with relevant planning advice and operational guidelines as comprehensive as possible to guide production. In this study, the actual pipe network of a city in China was taken as the research object, and the actual pipe network data was used for statistical analysis, in order to get the evaluation of the effect of different methods of reducing the non-profit water quantity. In order to obtain reliable results, this study compares a variety of statistical methods: graph theory analysis, fitting degree analysis, rank correlation analysis and principal component analysis. In this paper, the importance of collecting data quality and the importance of (DMA) size in regional measurement are emphasized. Although it is not possible to provide sound conclusions and suggestions for the operation of specific water supply networks, it can provide effective guidance for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.6

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