圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)濕遷移對室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境及空調(diào)負(fù)荷影響關(guān)系研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-24 16:20
【摘要】：準(zhǔn)確掌握建筑冷熱負(fù)荷是節(jié)能分析、暖通系統(tǒng)設(shè)計和運行控制的基礎(chǔ)。建筑冷熱負(fù)荷主要通過圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)表面的熱流體現(xiàn)，而該熱流又與圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部及表面的熱濕遷移過程有關(guān)。目前相關(guān)設(shè)計規(guī)范和負(fù)荷分析軟件大多建立在傳熱理論基礎(chǔ)上，雖有學(xué)者對圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部熱濕耦合遷移機(jī)理和室內(nèi)空氣中的濕遷移過程進(jìn)行了深入研究，但關(guān)于圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部濕傳遞和表面濕遷移對負(fù)荷的影響關(guān)系尚少見報道。我國地域遼闊，，熱濕氣候多樣，忽略圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)濕遷移必然會對室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境及建筑冷熱負(fù)荷分析造成不同程度的誤差。 針對現(xiàn)有負(fù)荷計算方法難以體現(xiàn)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)濕遷移對其影響的情況，本文綜合利用理論分析、驗證分析、數(shù)值計算和現(xiàn)場測試的方法，研究了圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)濕遷移對室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境和建筑冷熱負(fù)荷的定量影響關(guān)系。 通過對圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱濕遷移機(jī)理分析，建立了完善的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱濕耦合傳遞及內(nèi)表面熱濕遷移數(shù)學(xué)模型；針對以往圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱傳質(zhì)系數(shù)的恒值設(shè)定，難以反映該系數(shù)隨環(huán)境變化的情況，通過研究獲得了傳熱傳質(zhì)系數(shù)隨溫度和濕度變化的函數(shù)關(guān)系。 針對圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱濕耦合傳遞非線性控制方程，利用COMSOL Multiphysics軟件中的系數(shù)型偏微分方程模塊進(jìn)行了編程求解，分析了多種邊界條件下考慮與未考慮墻體濕遷移情況下，墻體內(nèi)表面溫度及熱流的差異特性，獲得了墻體傳濕對傳熱過程的影響關(guān)系。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：考慮傳濕與不考慮傳濕相比，不同材料墻體內(nèi)表面溫度的降低值：松木板墻，0.1℃～1.4℃；混凝土墻，0～0.2℃；多孔磚墻，0.1℃～0.7℃�？紤]傳濕時墻體內(nèi)表面的潛熱換熱量占壁體總傳熱量的比值：松木板墻：12%～73%；混凝土墻：0～8%；多孔磚墻：9%～36%。 在分析墻體濕遷移對傳熱過程影響的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱濕耦合傳遞過程計算程序，利用MATLAB對整體房間熱濕環(huán)境分析方程組進(jìn)行了編程計算，分析了圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)濕遷移對內(nèi)表面溫度及室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境的影響關(guān)系；考慮到墻體含濕量差異，分別對4種墻體含濕量不同的建筑內(nèi)表面溫度和室內(nèi)空氣熱濕狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場測試，分析了墻體含濕及濕傳遞對室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境的影響。結(jié)果表明，夏季空調(diào)期，墻體內(nèi)表面的濕遷移作用可明顯降低墻體內(nèi)表面溫度，進(jìn)而降低平均輻射溫度，在同等熱舒適條件下，可以減少空調(diào)負(fù)荷或使用時間；墻體內(nèi)表面的吸放濕過程對室內(nèi)濕環(huán)境的調(diào)節(jié)作用隨室外相對濕度幅度的增大而明顯，而對室內(nèi)空氣溫度的影響較��；考慮墻體傳濕與未考慮墻體傳濕相比，室內(nèi)空氣相對濕度的降低幅度為，廣州：5%左右；西安：3%左右；哈爾濱：3%左右；北京：5%左右。 針對濕熱地區(qū)白天空調(diào)降溫、夜間自然通風(fēng)降溫的建筑，研究了墻體濕傳遞和表面濕遷移在考慮夜間換氣的情況下對室內(nèi)熱濕環(huán)境及負(fù)荷的影響。結(jié)果表明，夜間通風(fēng)換氣次數(shù)的大小對室溫降低效果的差別不明顯，而對室內(nèi)空氣相對濕度的影響較為顯著；考慮傳濕與未考慮傳濕時總負(fù)荷相比較，夜間換氣次數(shù)為5次/時，總負(fù)荷減少6%左右，15次/時，總負(fù)荷卻增加20%左右，可見，在熱濕氣候區(qū)，夜間通風(fēng)換氣次數(shù)需合理設(shè)置才可有效降低空調(diào)負(fù)荷。 針對我國建筑熱濕氣候地域差別大的特點，通過對典型氣象年最熱月和最冷月的平均室外空氣相對濕度進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計，以相對濕度作為區(qū)劃指標(biāo)對我國進(jìn)行濕氣候區(qū)劃分，獲得冬季及夏季的濕氣侯分區(qū)；通過大量分析計算，提出考慮墻體濕傳遞和表面濕遷移時的建筑負(fù)荷的計算方法，獲得了濕熱、濕冷、干熱、干冷地區(qū)主要城市在考慮墻體濕傳遞和表面濕遷移時建筑負(fù)荷的修正程度。為工程應(yīng)用提供參考。
[Abstract]:It is the basis of energy-saving analysis, design and operation control of HVAC system. The cold and hot load of the building is mainly reflected by the heat flow of the inner surface of the enclosing structure, and the heat flow is related to the heat and wet migration of the inside and the surface of the enclosing structure. At present, the relevant design specifications and load analysis software are mostly based on the theory of heat transfer. However, the relationship between the moisture transfer and the surface wet transfer on the load in the enclosure is not well reported. The region of China is vast, the hot and humid climate is various, and the neglect of the wet migration of the enclosing structure will inevitably cause different degrees of error to the indoor thermal environment and the analysis of the cold and heat load of the building. In view of the fact that the existing load calculation method is difficult to embody the influence of the wet migration of the enclosure structure on the building envelope, this paper comprehensively uses the theoretical analysis, the verification analysis, the numerical calculation and the on-site test, and studies the quantitative influence of the wet migration of the enclosing structure on the indoor thermal environment and the cold and hot load of the building. Based on the analysis of the heat and moisture transfer mechanism of the enclosure structure, the mathematical model of the heat and moisture coupling of the enclosure structure and the heat and moisture transfer of the inner surface are established, and the constant value setting of the heat transfer coefficient of the heat transfer in the past is difficult to reflect the change of the coefficient with the environment. In this paper, the function of the transfer coefficient of heat transfer with temperature and humidity is obtained through the study. In order to transfer the nonlinear control equation for the heat and moisture coupling of the envelope structure, the coefficient type partial differential equation module in the COMSOL Multiphysics software is used for programming and solving, and the surface temperature and heat flow in the wall body are considered under various boundary conditions. The heat transfer process is obtained by the differential characteristic of the wall heat transfer. The study found that the reduction of the surface temperature of different materials in the wall of different materials was: the wall of loose wood, the temperature of 0. 1 鈩
本文編號：2429717
[Abstract]:It is the basis of energy-saving analysis, design and operation control of HVAC system. The cold and hot load of the building is mainly reflected by the heat flow of the inner surface of the enclosing structure, and the heat flow is related to the heat and wet migration of the inside and the surface of the enclosing structure. At present, the relevant design specifications and load analysis software are mostly based on the theory of heat transfer. However, the relationship between the moisture transfer and the surface wet transfer on the load in the enclosure is not well reported. The region of China is vast, the hot and humid climate is various, and the neglect of the wet migration of the enclosing structure will inevitably cause different degrees of error to the indoor thermal environment and the analysis of the cold and heat load of the building. In view of the fact that the existing load calculation method is difficult to embody the influence of the wet migration of the enclosure structure on the building envelope, this paper comprehensively uses the theoretical analysis, the verification analysis, the numerical calculation and the on-site test, and studies the quantitative influence of the wet migration of the enclosing structure on the indoor thermal environment and the cold and hot load of the building. Based on the analysis of the heat and moisture transfer mechanism of the enclosure structure, the mathematical model of the heat and moisture coupling of the enclosure structure and the heat and moisture transfer of the inner surface are established, and the constant value setting of the heat transfer coefficient of the heat transfer in the past is difficult to reflect the change of the coefficient with the environment. In this paper, the function of the transfer coefficient of heat transfer with temperature and humidity is obtained through the study. In order to transfer the nonlinear control equation for the heat and moisture coupling of the envelope structure, the coefficient type partial differential equation module in the COMSOL Multiphysics software is used for programming and solving, and the surface temperature and heat flow in the wall body are considered under various boundary conditions. The heat transfer process is obtained by the differential characteristic of the wall heat transfer. The study found that the reduction of the surface temperature of different materials in the wall of different materials was: the wall of loose wood, the temperature of 0. 1 鈩
本文編號：2429717
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