【摘要】：通風(fēng)有助于減少建筑能耗，改善室內(nèi)熱舒適和室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)。近年來(lái)對(duì)住宅建筑門窗的氣密性要求提高，很難依靠門窗滲透實(shí)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生通風(fēng)，住宅建筑面臨空調(diào)使用時(shí)需要解決衛(wèi)生通風(fēng)的問(wèn)題。另一方面，在室外溫度適合開窗自然通風(fēng)降溫時(shí)，受建筑布局影響，部分房間通風(fēng)量難以保證，無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)降溫的目的，在室外大風(fēng)、降雨、空氣和噪聲污染時(shí)，甚至無(wú)法開窗利用自然通風(fēng)進(jìn)行降溫，住宅建筑面臨強(qiáng)化舒適通風(fēng)減少空調(diào)運(yùn)行時(shí)間的問(wèn)題。為使住宅能高效地實(shí)現(xiàn)衛(wèi)生通風(fēng)和舒適通風(fēng)達(dá)到節(jié)能和改善室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的目的，本文對(duì)廣州地區(qū)的住宅通風(fēng)技術(shù)及其節(jié)能效果進(jìn)行了研究，主要完成了以下幾項(xiàng)工作： 首先，基于通風(fēng)降溫，建立了可用于住宅通風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)的最佳通風(fēng)換氣次數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)方法。通過(guò)對(duì)廣州近年來(lái)的住宅設(shè)計(jì)作廣泛調(diào)研，獲得臥室基本設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，，建立典型臥室?guī)缀文Ｐ�。使用正交試�?yàn)法確定模擬工況，通過(guò)DeST-h軟件模擬分析臥室基本設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)和換氣次數(shù)對(duì)臥室冷負(fù)荷的影響，并通過(guò)多元線性回歸建立了臥室冷負(fù)荷的預(yù)測(cè)模型，引入臥室最佳通風(fēng)換氣次數(shù)的概念用于住宅通風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)并給出其計(jì)算公式。廣州地區(qū)10~21m~2的雙人臥室，當(dāng)通風(fēng)節(jié)能變化率下限取10%/次和5%/次時(shí)，最佳換氣次數(shù)分別為11.95~13次/h，21.95~23次/h，通風(fēng)節(jié)能率分別為18~30%，35~55%。 其次，基于舒適、節(jié)能、室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的要求，從系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)及控制策略等方面，研制了空調(diào)機(jī)和通風(fēng)機(jī)聯(lián)動(dòng)控制的住宅通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)按照控制策略及設(shè)定參數(shù)運(yùn)行，室內(nèi)溫度和相對(duì)濕度均能保持在設(shè)定范圍內(nèi)，系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定可靠。并對(duì)通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)、空調(diào)和自然通風(fēng)三種工況下的室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境和耗電量進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，當(dāng)通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)和空調(diào)房間室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境接近時(shí)，與空調(diào)相比，通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)夜間開啟室內(nèi)上限溫度為27~29℃時(shí)，測(cè)試期間每天節(jié)能率為20.93~61%。 第三，借助DeST-h軟件計(jì)算變通風(fēng)條件下住宅室內(nèi)溫度及冷負(fù)荷的功能，利用其計(jì)算結(jié)果，判斷通風(fēng)運(yùn)行時(shí)段，并編寫風(fēng)機(jī)耗電計(jì)算模塊完善住宅建筑通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)耗電量綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法，定量評(píng)價(jià)了某實(shí)際房間通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)全年的節(jié)能效果，給出了系統(tǒng)回收期，系統(tǒng)夜間開啟室內(nèi)溫度設(shè)定范圍為26~29℃時(shí)，通風(fēng)節(jié)能率為54.51%。 最后，采用PHOENICS研究了通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)各設(shè)備不同布局下的室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境，給出合理布局的應(yīng)用建議，為通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用提供參考。
[Abstract]:Ventilation helps to reduce building energy consumption, improve indoor thermal comfort and indoor air quality. In recent years, the air tightness of doors and windows of residential buildings is improved, it is difficult to rely on the infiltration of doors and windows to realize indoor sanitary ventilation. When residential buildings are faced with the use of air conditioning, the problem of sanitary ventilation needs to be solved. On the other hand, when outdoor temperature is suitable for natural ventilation and cooling with windows, due to the influence of building layout, ventilation in some rooms is difficult to guarantee and can not achieve the purpose of cooling. When outdoor wind, rain, air and noise pollution, Even can not open windows to use natural ventilation to cool down, residential buildings are faced with the problem of enhanced comfortable ventilation to reduce the operating time of air conditioning. In order to achieve the purpose of saving energy and improving indoor air quality efficiently, this paper studies the ventilation technology and its energy-saving effect of residence in Guangzhou area. The main works are as follows: firstly, based on the cooling of ventilation, a method of predicting the best ventilation times for residential ventilation design is established. The basic design parameters of bedrooms are obtained through extensive investigation of residential design in Guangzhou in recent years, and the geometric model of typical bedrooms is established. The orthogonal test method is used to determine the simulation conditions, and the influence of the basic design parameters and the number of air exchange on the cooling load of the bedroom is analyzed by DeST-h software, and the prediction model of the bedroom cooling load is established by multiple linear regression. This paper introduces the concept of the best ventilation times in the bedroom and gives the calculation formula for the ventilation design of the residence. When the lower limit of ventilation energy saving change rate is 10 times per hour and 5 times per hour, the best air exchange times of 10~21m~2 double bedroom in Guangzhou area are 11.95 / 13 / h 21.95 / h / h, respectively, and the ventilation energy saving rates are 18 / 30 / h and 3555 / h, respectively. Secondly, based on the requirements of comfort, energy saving and indoor air quality, a residential ventilation and air conditioning system is developed in terms of system design, hardware implementation and control strategy. The experimental results show that the system operates in accordance with the control strategy and parameters, the indoor temperature and relative humidity can be kept within the set range, and the system is stable and reliable. The indoor thermal environment and power consumption under the three working conditions of ventilation and air conditioning system, air conditioning and natural ventilation are studied experimentally. When the indoor thermal environment of the ventilation and air conditioning room is close to that of the air conditioning room, it is compared with the air conditioning system. When the upper limit temperature of ventilation and air conditioning system is 2729 鈩

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