【摘要】：滿足人們安全、便捷、舒適的步行出行需求一直是城市建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)目標(biāo)之一，尤其是在機(jī)動(dòng)車數(shù)量快速增長(zhǎng)的背景下，可步行性已成為反映城市活力和居民低碳出行效率的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。北美城市運(yùn)用可步行性測(cè)度方法得出的步行指數(shù)為衡量城市的可步行性水平提供了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而國(guó)內(nèi)的相關(guān)研究剛剛起步，就目前公開(kāi)的學(xué)術(shù)資料中尚未看到對(duì)該方法在我國(guó)城市中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。本文嘗試借助GIS平臺(tái)將該方法應(yīng)用于深圳市局部片區(qū)并探討其應(yīng)用策略。鑒于北美城市與深圳實(shí)際情況的不同，在應(yīng)用過(guò)程中針對(duì)城市結(jié)構(gòu)、街區(qū)尺度、步行環(huán)境及居民出行習(xí)慣等方面存在的差異對(duì)原測(cè)度方法進(jìn)行一系列優(yōu)化和調(diào)整，并驗(yàn)證測(cè)度結(jié)果的有效性。 首先，基于兩地城市結(jié)構(gòu)不同，認(rèn)為在深圳以組團(tuán)為研究對(duì)象更有意義，選定桃源街區(qū)為研究范圍；基于居民出行習(xí)慣差異，結(jié)合我國(guó)設(shè)施分類的相關(guān)規(guī)定和居民實(shí)際需求調(diào)整居民日常使用設(shè)施類型和設(shè)施權(quán)重，依據(jù)居民對(duì)步行舒適時(shí)間、容忍時(shí)間和抵抗時(shí)間的接受范圍，調(diào)整步行衰減曲線；基于步行環(huán)境的差異，定量評(píng)估步行路徑上阻塞點(diǎn)、障礙物等對(duì)可步行性得分的影響，明確燈控人行橫道、天橋等過(guò)街設(shè)施對(duì)步行通行成本的增量；基于街區(qū)尺度的差異，提出街區(qū)層面網(wǎng)格劃分方法的改善策略，步行起始點(diǎn)的選取方法以及步行可達(dá)設(shè)施的得分疊加原則等。依據(jù)可步行性測(cè)度原理，，借助GIS平臺(tái)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理和運(yùn)算，得到各起始點(diǎn)的可步行性得分，并通過(guò)空間插值實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)桃源街區(qū)可步行性測(cè)度結(jié)果的可視化表達(dá)。 其次，通過(guò)在桃源街區(qū)的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和觀察統(tǒng)計(jì)等多方法校核，對(duì)比該測(cè)度結(jié)果反映的信息和居民真實(shí)步行出行情況是否相符，評(píng)估可步行性測(cè)度結(jié)果的有效性�；谠摐y(cè)度結(jié)果，本文對(duì)桃源街區(qū)整體可步行性進(jìn)行了分析和解讀，對(duì)街區(qū)內(nèi)各街坊的可步行性進(jìn)行對(duì)比，同時(shí)將桃源街區(qū)的可步行性與街區(qū)內(nèi)設(shè)施分布、人口分布、房?jī)r(jià)上漲趨勢(shì)等進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)性分析，探討其可能存在相關(guān)關(guān)系等。最后，依據(jù)測(cè)度結(jié)果反映的信息和相關(guān)性解讀，對(duì)可步行性測(cè)度在城市建設(shè)過(guò)程中的應(yīng)用思路和啟示進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)，提出下一步的研究方向。
[Abstract]:Meeting people's safe, convenient and comfortable walking demand has always been one of the key goals of urban construction, especially in the context of the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles. Walkability has become an important standard to reflect urban vitality and residents' low-carbon travel efficiency. The walking index of North American cities using the walkability measure method provides a standard for measuring the level of walkability of cities, but the relevant research in China is just in its infancy. The practical application of this method in Chinese cities has not been seen in the published academic data. This paper attempts to apply this method to the local area of Shenzhen with the help of GIS platform and discuss its application strategy. In view of the difference between North American cities and Shenzhen, the original measurement method is optimized and adjusted according to the differences in urban structure, block scale, walking environment and residents' travel habits. The validity of the measure results is verified. Firstly, based on the difference of urban structure between the two places, it is considered that it is more meaningful to form a group in Shenzhen, and Taoyuan block is chosen as the research scope. Based on the difference of residents' travel habits, combined with the relevant regulations of facilities classification and the actual needs of residents, the types and weights of daily use facilities of residents are adjusted, and the acceptance range of residents' walking comfort time, tolerance time and resistance time is based on the residents' acceptance range. Adjust the decay curve of walking; Based on the difference of walking environment, the paper quantitatively evaluates the influence of blocking points and obstacles on walking path, and clarifies the increment of crossing facilities such as light controlled crosswalk, flyover and other crossing facilities on walking cost. Based on the difference of block scale, this paper puts forward the improvement strategy of grid generation method, the method of selecting the starting point of walking, and the principle of score superposition of walking reachable facilities. According to the principle of walkability measure, the walkability score of each starting point is obtained by processing and calculating the basic data with the help of GIS platform, and the visual expression of walkability measurement result of Taoyuan block is realized by spatial interpolation. Secondly, by means of questionnaire survey and observation and statistics in Taoyuan district, this paper compares the information reflected by the measurement results with the actual walking situation of residents, and evaluates the validity of the walkability measurement results. Based on the measurement results, this paper analyzes and interprets the overall walkability of Taoyuan block, compares the walkability of each neighborhood in the block, and at the same time, compares the walkability of Taoyuan block with the distribution of facilities and population distribution in Taoyuan district. This paper analyzes the relationship between the rising trend of house price and so on. Finally, according to the information reflected by the measurement results and the interpretation of the correlation, the paper analyzes and summarizes the application of the walkability measure in the process of urban construction, and puts forward the next research direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU984;U491

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