大型動力離心機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)理論與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-15 09:52
【摘要】：按照裝備振動臺與否，土工離心機(jī)大致可分為靜力試驗(yàn)離心機(jī)和動力試驗(yàn)離心機(jī)（也稱離心機(jī)振動臺）兩大類，本文將后者簡稱為動力離心機(jī)。動力離心機(jī)（Dynamic Centrifuge）是目前國際公認(rèn)研究巖土地震工程和土動力學(xué)最先進(jìn)、最有效的科學(xué)試驗(yàn)平臺，而我國僅擁有數(shù)臺輔助建設(shè)的中小型動力離心機(jī)設(shè)備，且主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)與國際存在很大差距。國內(nèi)大型動力離心機(jī)則為空白，這與我國遼闊的地域、復(fù)雜的工程地質(zhì)條件、高速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)以及嚴(yán)峻的地震形勢十分不相稱。大型動力離心機(jī)系統(tǒng)十分復(fù)雜而龐大，涉及技術(shù)多，成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)少，建設(shè)過程具有問題多、難度大、歷時長、花費(fèi)高等特點(diǎn)。全球僅有兩臺大型動力離心機(jī)，且自建設(shè)后一直不斷改進(jìn)，其中UC Davis大型動力離心機(jī)建設(shè)周期累計(jì)長達(dá)16年。國際當(dāng)前動力離心機(jī)研制技術(shù)和試驗(yàn)技術(shù)均不成熟，尚處于初級發(fā)展階段，而國內(nèi)對大型動力離心機(jī)的認(rèn)識僅限于指標(biāo)和功能的了解，缺乏系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)理論研究。 本文以國內(nèi)對大型動力離心機(jī)的迫切需要為背景，以工程力學(xué)研究所DCIEM-40-300大型動力離心機(jī)建設(shè)為藍(lán)本，就大型動力離心機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)理論和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)展開研究，確定關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)難點(diǎn)，剖析主要難點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵問題，對其中關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)地分析、建模、推導(dǎo)、計(jì)算和驗(yàn)證。完成的主要工作和成果如下： 1.詳細(xì)總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外動力離心機(jī)及土工離心機(jī)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，提出了兩者性能評價(jià)指標(biāo)差異和規(guī)模劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；闡述了動力離心機(jī)研制技術(shù)和試驗(yàn)技術(shù)當(dāng)前研究進(jìn)展，指出了國內(nèi)動力離心機(jī)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)方向與趨勢；提出了中國地震局工程力學(xué)研究所DCIEM-40-300大型動力離心機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)，闡明了其總體規(guī)模和功能特點(diǎn)。 2.密切跟蹤國際相關(guān)技術(shù)最新發(fā)展，剖析了國際上僅有的UC Davis和PWRI兩臺大型動力離心機(jī)設(shè)備建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)組成和設(shè)計(jì)方法；分析了大型動力離心機(jī)系統(tǒng)各部分的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)、運(yùn)動約束及功能條件的內(nèi)在影響和制約；確定了四個子系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，指出了離心振動臺是整個系統(tǒng)的研制核心。 3.針對大型動力離心機(jī)的研制核心，深入研究高振動容量和高振動負(fù)載下離心振動臺設(shè)計(jì)的新問題和主要難點(diǎn)，引進(jìn)融合國際最新技術(shù)，提出了大型離心振動臺整體和主要部件的總設(shè)計(jì)新方法與基本理論；以DCIEM-40-300大型動力離心機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)為樣本，提出了設(shè)計(jì)思路與基本方法，給出了主要部件結(jié)構(gòu)、參數(shù)確定和元件選型，計(jì)算了負(fù)載特性及安全校核；建立和求解了等效吊籃質(zhì)量計(jì)算模型和公式。 4.以大型離心振動臺總體設(shè)計(jì)方法為基礎(chǔ)，分等級建立和求解了三種離心振動臺動力分析模型和傳遞函數(shù)，給出了三類不同設(shè)計(jì)條件下離心振動臺液壓機(jī)構(gòu)基本動力特性；以DCIEM-40-300設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)為樣本，利用求解出的傳遞函數(shù)，分析了吊籃主要參數(shù)對離心振動臺動力性能的影響規(guī)律，提出了改進(jìn)離心振動臺動力性能的設(shè)計(jì)方法。 5.建立了離心振動臺與吊籃伺服控制動力仿真模型，研究了離心振動臺三參數(shù)反饋//輸入伺服控制設(shè)計(jì)方法，提出了最佳參數(shù)求解標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；給出了動力離心試驗(yàn)功能要求下，現(xiàn)有伺服控制理論拓展液壓系統(tǒng)頻寬和提高穩(wěn)定性的最大能力，探討了大型離心振動臺電液伺服控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)化方法。 6.研究了試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)環(huán)境條件、功能要求及傳感器設(shè)計(jì)問題，提出了一種多信號類型、不等數(shù)量線制、多通道復(fù)用式的大型動力離心試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法；研究了理想條件下試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ拖涞脑O(shè)計(jì)要求，給出了多種結(jié)構(gòu)型式，提出了一套柔性剪切模型箱設(shè)計(jì)新方法和基本理論；提出了試驗(yàn)圖像采集系統(tǒng)基本設(shè)計(jì)要求和總體設(shè)計(jì)方法。 7.研究了設(shè)備總體結(jié)構(gòu)布局方法和土建設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵問題；分析了設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)荷載條件和發(fā)生方式，建立了大型動力離心機(jī)基礎(chǔ)振動分析模型和計(jì)算方法，提出了DCIEM-40-300基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)方案；建立了風(fēng)阻功率的計(jì)算模型，推導(dǎo)出了其解析計(jì)算公式，提出了便于工程應(yīng)用的簡化計(jì)算方法，解釋了主機(jī)室空氣運(yùn)動的內(nèi)在機(jī)理。
[Abstract]:According to the equipment vibration table or not, the geotechnical centrifuge can be divided into two categories: static test centrifuge and dynamic test centrifuge (also known as centrifuge vibration table). The latter is referred to as the power centrifuge. Dynamic Centrifuge is the most advanced and most effective scientific test platform for geotechnical engineering and soil dynamics at present, and China only has a number of small and medium-sized dynamic centrifuge equipment with auxiliary construction, and the main technical index and international have a great gap. The domestic large-scale dynamic centrifuge is blank, which is not commensurate with the vast territory of China, the complex engineering geological conditions, the economic construction of high-speed development and the severe earthquake situation. The large-scale dynamic centrifuge system is very complex and large, involving more technology and less successful experience, and the construction process has the characteristics of many problems, great difficulty, long duration, high cost and the like. There are only two large-scale power centrifuges in the world, and it has been continuously improved since the construction, in which the construction period of the UC Davis large-scale power centrifuge is up to 16 years. The development technology and test technology of the international current dynamic centrifuge are not mature and are still in the primary stage of development, and the understanding of the large-scale dynamic centrifuge in China is limited to the understanding of the index and function, the lack of the key technology of the system and the research of the design theory. In this paper, based on the urgent need of large-scale dynamic centrifuge in China, the research on the design theory and key technology of the large-scale dynamic centrifuge is carried out by the DCIEM-40-300 large-scale dynamic centrifuge of the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, and the key technology and design difficulty are determined. The key problems and key problems are analyzed, and the key problems are analyzed, modeled, derived, calculated and verified. A. The main work and results of the completion, such as The development of the dynamic centrifuge and the geotechnical centrifuge at home and abroad is summarized in detail. The difference of the performance evaluation index and the scale division standard are put forward, and the current research and development technology and test technology of the dynamic centrifuge are described. The main direction and trend of the development of domestic dynamic centrifuge are pointed out, and the design index of DCIEM-40-300 large-scale dynamic centrifuge of the Institute of Engineering and Mechanics of China Seismological Bureau is put forward, and its overall scale and work are set out. Features. 2. closely follow the latest development of relevant international technology, and analyze the construction experience, structure and design method of only two large-scale dynamic centrifuge equipment of UC Davis and PWRI in the world, and analyze the parts of large-scale power centrifuge system The internal influence and restriction of the mechanical structure, the movement restriction and the functional condition of the four subsystems are determined, the key technology, the design focus and the difficulty of the four subsystems are determined, and it is pointed out that the centrifugal vibration table is the whole system Based on the research and development of large-scale dynamic centrifuge, the new problems and main difficulties in the design of the centrifugal vibration table under high vibration capacity and high vibration load are studied. Based on the latest technology of the international, a new method and basic theory of the general design of the whole and main parts of the large-scale centrifugal vibration table are put forward, and the design idea and the basic method are put forward based on the design index of the DCIEM-40-300 large-scale dynamic centrifuge, and the structure and parameters of the main components are given. The load characteristic and safety check are calculated and the equivalent hanging basket mass is established and solved. Calculation model and formula. 4. Based on the general design method of large-scale centrifugal vibration table, three kinds of centrifugal vibration table dynamic analysis model and transfer function are established and solved, and the basic dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic mechanism of the centrifugal vibrating table under three different design conditions are given. 00. The influence of the main parameters of the gondola on the dynamic performance of the centrifugal vibration table was analyzed by using the calculated transfer function. The improved centrifugal vibration table was put forward. The design method of dynamic performance is established. 5. The simulation model of the centrifugal vibration table and the servo control of the gondola is established, and the design method of the three-parameter feedback and/ or input servo control of the centrifugal vibration table is studied, and the best parameter solving standard is put forward. Under the function of dynamic centrifugal test, the existing servo control theory expands the maximum capacity of the hydraulic system and improves the stability, and discusses the electro-hydraulic servo of the large-scale centrifugal vibration table. The optimization method of the control system design. 6. The environmental conditions, functional requirements and sensor design problems of the test data acquisition system are studied. A multi-signal type, unequal number line system and a multi-channel multiplex type large-scale power separation system are proposed. The design method of the data acquisition system of the heart test is studied, the design requirements of the test model box under the ideal conditions are studied, and a set of new methods and basic theories for the design of a flexible shear model box are put forward. The test image acquisition system is put forward. The basic design requirements and the overall design method. 7. The overall structure layout method of the equipment and the key problems of the civil engineering design are studied, the basic load condition and the method of the equipment are analyzed, the basic vibration analysis model and the calculation method of the large-scale dynamic centrifuge are established, and the basic design of the DCEM-40-300 is put forward. The calculation model of wind resistance power is established, its analytical formula is derived, and the simplified calculation method for engineering application is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU415
本文編號：2380441
[Abstract]:According to the equipment vibration table or not, the geotechnical centrifuge can be divided into two categories: static test centrifuge and dynamic test centrifuge (also known as centrifuge vibration table). The latter is referred to as the power centrifuge. Dynamic Centrifuge is the most advanced and most effective scientific test platform for geotechnical engineering and soil dynamics at present, and China only has a number of small and medium-sized dynamic centrifuge equipment with auxiliary construction, and the main technical index and international have a great gap. The domestic large-scale dynamic centrifuge is blank, which is not commensurate with the vast territory of China, the complex engineering geological conditions, the economic construction of high-speed development and the severe earthquake situation. The large-scale dynamic centrifuge system is very complex and large, involving more technology and less successful experience, and the construction process has the characteristics of many problems, great difficulty, long duration, high cost and the like. There are only two large-scale power centrifuges in the world, and it has been continuously improved since the construction, in which the construction period of the UC Davis large-scale power centrifuge is up to 16 years. The development technology and test technology of the international current dynamic centrifuge are not mature and are still in the primary stage of development, and the understanding of the large-scale dynamic centrifuge in China is limited to the understanding of the index and function, the lack of the key technology of the system and the research of the design theory. In this paper, based on the urgent need of large-scale dynamic centrifuge in China, the research on the design theory and key technology of the large-scale dynamic centrifuge is carried out by the DCIEM-40-300 large-scale dynamic centrifuge of the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, and the key technology and design difficulty are determined. The key problems and key problems are analyzed, and the key problems are analyzed, modeled, derived, calculated and verified. A. The main work and results of the completion, such as The development of the dynamic centrifuge and the geotechnical centrifuge at home and abroad is summarized in detail. The difference of the performance evaluation index and the scale division standard are put forward, and the current research and development technology and test technology of the dynamic centrifuge are described. The main direction and trend of the development of domestic dynamic centrifuge are pointed out, and the design index of DCIEM-40-300 large-scale dynamic centrifuge of the Institute of Engineering and Mechanics of China Seismological Bureau is put forward, and its overall scale and work are set out. Features. 2. closely follow the latest development of relevant international technology, and analyze the construction experience, structure and design method of only two large-scale dynamic centrifuge equipment of UC Davis and PWRI in the world, and analyze the parts of large-scale power centrifuge system The internal influence and restriction of the mechanical structure, the movement restriction and the functional condition of the four subsystems are determined, the key technology, the design focus and the difficulty of the four subsystems are determined, and it is pointed out that the centrifugal vibration table is the whole system Based on the research and development of large-scale dynamic centrifuge, the new problems and main difficulties in the design of the centrifugal vibration table under high vibration capacity and high vibration load are studied. Based on the latest technology of the international, a new method and basic theory of the general design of the whole and main parts of the large-scale centrifugal vibration table are put forward, and the design idea and the basic method are put forward based on the design index of the DCIEM-40-300 large-scale dynamic centrifuge, and the structure and parameters of the main components are given. The load characteristic and safety check are calculated and the equivalent hanging basket mass is established and solved. Calculation model and formula. 4. Based on the general design method of large-scale centrifugal vibration table, three kinds of centrifugal vibration table dynamic analysis model and transfer function are established and solved, and the basic dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic mechanism of the centrifugal vibrating table under three different design conditions are given. 00. The influence of the main parameters of the gondola on the dynamic performance of the centrifugal vibration table was analyzed by using the calculated transfer function. The improved centrifugal vibration table was put forward. The design method of dynamic performance is established. 5. The simulation model of the centrifugal vibration table and the servo control of the gondola is established, and the design method of the three-parameter feedback and/ or input servo control of the centrifugal vibration table is studied, and the best parameter solving standard is put forward. Under the function of dynamic centrifugal test, the existing servo control theory expands the maximum capacity of the hydraulic system and improves the stability, and discusses the electro-hydraulic servo of the large-scale centrifugal vibration table. The optimization method of the control system design. 6. The environmental conditions, functional requirements and sensor design problems of the test data acquisition system are studied. A multi-signal type, unequal number line system and a multi-channel multiplex type large-scale power separation system are proposed. The design method of the data acquisition system of the heart test is studied, the design requirements of the test model box under the ideal conditions are studied, and a set of new methods and basic theories for the design of a flexible shear model box are put forward. The test image acquisition system is put forward. The basic design requirements and the overall design method. 7. The overall structure layout method of the equipment and the key problems of the civil engineering design are studied, the basic load condition and the method of the equipment are analyzed, the basic vibration analysis model and the calculation method of the large-scale dynamic centrifuge are established, and the basic design of the DCEM-40-300 is put forward. The calculation model of wind resistance power is established, its analytical formula is derived, and the simplified calculation method for engineering application is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU415
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