【摘要】：居住是人類的一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利，是其生存、發(fā)展的基本生活要素。但隨著上世紀(jì)九十年代住房制度市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程的日趨深化，城市房?jī)r(jià)不斷攀升，造成大量中低收入階層無(wú)力購(gòu)買住房。為了解決中低收入群體住房困難的問(wèn)題，中央政府于1998年確立了以經(jīng)濟(jì)適用住房為主的多層次城鎮(zhèn)住房供應(yīng)體系。北京作為我國(guó)最早進(jìn)行保障性住區(qū)建設(shè)城市之一，經(jīng)過(guò)10多年的不斷實(shí)踐發(fā)展，現(xiàn)已逐步形成了由限價(jià)房、經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房、廉租房、公共租賃房共同組成的住房保障體系。隨著北京市大量的保障性住區(qū)建成，在一定程度上緩解了中低收入群體的住房緊張問(wèn)題，對(duì)城市發(fā)展乃至和諧社會(huì)的做出一定的貢獻(xiàn)。然而，在快速建造的背后，我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)在保障制度、規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)、后期管理等各方面都還存在著很多問(wèn)題，如何讓更多的人住進(jìn)規(guī)劃良好，生活便利、環(huán)境優(yōu)美的宜居性保障住區(qū)是規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)人員應(yīng)該關(guān)注的。 本文以北京市6所保障性住區(qū)作為調(diào)查研究的重點(diǎn)個(gè)案,通過(guò)訪談、拍照、統(tǒng)計(jì)記錄和問(wèn)卷等多種方式收集了大量數(shù)據(jù),深入分析了目前北京的保障性住區(qū)建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀，并重點(diǎn)關(guān)注了居民在住區(qū)空間中的行為需求以及鄰里關(guān)系的狀態(tài)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，將規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)視野拓展到北京城市空間大系統(tǒng)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域中，深入分析政治、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、人文、技術(shù)等諸多因素，并引入城市生態(tài)學(xué)、城市管理學(xué)、住區(qū)環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)、社會(huì)心理學(xué)、生態(tài)倫理等相關(guān)學(xué)科進(jìn)行研究，結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外保障住區(qū)建設(shè)的已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，，突破以往更多關(guān)注政治體制和戶型設(shè)計(jì)的研究方法，將宜居的概念、可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念和北京城市特征以及現(xiàn)代生活觀念相結(jié)合，從機(jī)制的完善、城市空間的整合、住區(qū)空間的重構(gòu)及建筑空間復(fù)合和適應(yīng)性等多個(gè)層面進(jìn)行探索，提出有利于北京保障性居住空間科學(xué)發(fā)展的營(yíng)建模式。 論文共分為八章。第1章，主要建立本文的基本研究框架。就研究背景、研究意義、概念界定、研究方法等作了基本的論述。第2章，通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論研究和實(shí)踐進(jìn)行必要的梳理和歸納，為北京保障性住區(qū)營(yíng)建提供有益借鑒。第3章，回顧保障性住區(qū)建設(shè)的發(fā)展歷史，分析其發(fā)展特點(diǎn)，并重點(diǎn)調(diào)研北京6所典型住區(qū)的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)情況，從宜居的角度找出存在的問(wèn)題。第4章，對(duì)影響北京保障性住區(qū)建設(shè)的主要因素進(jìn)行深入的分析，并總結(jié)其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，提出當(dāng)前制度環(huán)境下的保障住區(qū)營(yíng)建的形勢(shì)與挑戰(zhàn)。第5章，從法律、土地供應(yīng)、融資、分配等多方面研究北京保障性住區(qū)的保障機(jī)制建設(shè)。第6章，通過(guò)多視角、多層次的研究，闡述“以人為本”在保障性住區(qū)營(yíng)建中的應(yīng)用，提出相應(yīng)的規(guī)劃措施。,第7章，通過(guò)對(duì)歐美及臺(tái)灣的公眾參與機(jī)制進(jìn)行深入的分析，結(jié)合我國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀，提出保障性住區(qū)營(yíng)建過(guò)程中公眾參與制度的優(yōu)化策略。第8章，總結(jié)論文的主要結(jié)論、創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)，以及今后尚待進(jìn)一步完善的地方。
[Abstract]:Living is a basic right of human being, and it is the basic living factor of its existence and development. However, with the deepening of the housing system marketization process in the 1990s, urban housing prices are rising, resulting in a large number of low- and middle-income class can not afford to buy housing. In order to solve the housing difficulties of middle and low income groups, the central government established a multi-level urban housing supply system in 1998. As one of the earliest construction cities of the indemnificatory residential area in China, Beijing has gradually formed a housing security system composed of price limited housing, comfortable housing, low-rent housing and public rental housing after more than 10 years of continuous practice and development. With the establishment of a large number of affordable residential areas in Beijing, the housing tension of low-income groups has been alleviated to a certain extent, and has contributed to urban development and even to a harmonious society. However, behind the rapid construction, we also found that there are still many problems in the security system, planning and design, and later management, etc., how to let more people live in a well-planned and convenient life, The habitable residential area with beautiful environment should be paid close attention to by planners and designers. In this paper, six indemnificatory residential areas in Beijing as the focus of investigation and research cases, through interviews, photographs, statistical records and questionnaires and other ways to collect a large number of data, in-depth analysis of the current status of the construction of affordable residential areas in Beijing. It also focuses on the behavior needs of residents in residential space and the state of neighborhood relationship. On this basis, the field of vision of planning and design will be extended to the field of large urban space system and social development in Beijing, and the political, social, economic, cultural, humanistic, technological and other factors will be deeply analyzed, and urban ecology and urban management will be introduced. The environmental design of residential area, social psychology, ecological ethics and other related subjects will be studied, combined with the existing experience of ensuring the construction of residential area at home and abroad, breaking through the previous research methods of paying more attention to political system and household design, and will be livable concept. Combining the concept of sustainable development with the urban characteristics of Beijing and the concept of modern life, this paper probes into the improvement of mechanism, the integration of urban space, the reconstruction of residential space, the combination and adaptability of architectural space, and so on. This paper puts forward the construction model which is beneficial to the development of the supportable living space science in Beijing. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. In chapter 1, the basic research framework of this paper is established. The research background, significance, concept definition and research methods are discussed. The second chapter, through the domestic and foreign related theory research and the practice carries on the essential combing and the induction, provides the beneficial reference for the Beijing indemnificatory residential area construction. In chapter 3, the author reviews the history of the construction of the indemnificatory residential area, analyzes its development characteristics, and investigates the planning and design of six typical residential areas in Beijing, and finds out the existing problems from the point of view of livable residence. Chapter 4 analyzes the main factors that affect the construction of Beijing's indemnificatory residential area, summarizes its development trend, and puts forward the situation and challenge of the construction of the security residential area under the current system environment. Chapter 5 studies the construction of security mechanism in Beijing's indemnificatory settlements from the aspects of law, land supply, financing and distribution. Chapter 6, through the multi-angle and multi-level research, expounds the application of "people-oriented" in the construction of the indemnificatory residential area, and puts forward the corresponding planning measures. Chapter 7, through the in-depth analysis of the public participation mechanism in Europe, America and Taiwan, According to the present situation of our country, this paper puts forward the optimization strategy of public participation system in the process of construction of indemnificatory residential area. Chapter 8 summarizes the main conclusions of the paper, innovation points, and the future needs to be further improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.12

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