【摘要】：當(dāng)前的大跨度屋蓋結(jié)構(gòu)普遍采用輕型金屬屋面系統(tǒng),但結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)通常忽略屋面板對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)受力性能的影響。本文以常用的聚氨酯夾芯金屬屋面板作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)此類屋面板的剛度和阻尼性能、解析理論以及有限單元模型開展了研究,并進(jìn)一步考察了屋面板剛度和阻尼性能對(duì)屋蓋結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)致振動(dòng)效應(yīng)的影響。論文主要包括以下五個(gè)方面的工作： (1)對(duì)屋面板常用聚氨酯夾芯材料的基本力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)測(cè)定。發(fā)現(xiàn)聚氨酯夾芯的拉伸、壓縮性能不同,且不同方向的力學(xué)性能也有明顯的差異。指出聚氨酯夾芯可以假定為橫觀各向同性材料,并根據(jù)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)其基本力學(xué)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了擬合。進(jìn)一步對(duì)聚氨酯夾芯的材料損耗因子進(jìn)行了測(cè)定,給出了損耗因子隨溫度、頻率的變化曲線。 (2)對(duì)聚氨酯夾芯金屬屋面板的整體阻尼特性進(jìn)行了研究。分析了聚氨酯夾芯金屬屋面板的模態(tài)損耗因子隨檁距、夾心層厚度及面板厚度的影響,表明屋面板對(duì)于外部高頻激勵(lì)具有較高的阻尼耗能能力,聚氨酯夾芯層的阻尼特性對(duì)整個(gè)屋面板的阻尼特性起著決定性影響�？疾炝瞬煌瑒偠�、阻尼的屋面板在脈動(dòng)風(fēng)荷載作用下的動(dòng)力反應(yīng),發(fā)現(xiàn)在風(fēng)壓傳遞過程中屋面板的有限剛度及夾芯層阻尼都會(huì)顯著改變風(fēng)壓的脈動(dòng)特性。 (3)將面層壓型金屬板等代為正交各向異性的平板,進(jìn)而將聚氨酯夾芯屋面板簡(jiǎn)化為上下面層厚度不同、且各層材料均為正交各向異性的夾層板�；贖off型夾層板理論,推導(dǎo)了屋面板的靜力基本方程,并對(duì)該靜力方程的解析方法進(jìn)行了討論。采用復(fù)模量法來表征聚氨酯夾芯的粘彈性特性,進(jìn)一步推導(dǎo)了考慮夾芯層阻尼的屋面板橫向振動(dòng)的動(dòng)力基本方程。 (4)基于Hoff型夾層板理論,建立了一種定義在夾芯層中面上的八結(jié)點(diǎn)的矩形夾層板單元,每個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)具有5個(gè)自由度,3個(gè)線位移和2個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)角。采用該單元模擬的屋面板在靜荷載作用下的變形形式與更精細(xì)有限元分析結(jié)果相同,變形值基本接近。模態(tài)分析求得的基本振型與精細(xì)模型相同,自振頻率也較接近。表明該夾層板單元能夠有效模擬聚氨酯夾芯金屬屋面板的靜、動(dòng)力特性。 (5)通過兩個(gè)算例考察了屋面板剛度和阻尼性能對(duì)屋蓋結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)振效應(yīng)的影響。分析結(jié)構(gòu)表明是否考慮屋面板對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)振效應(yīng)的計(jì)算結(jié)果存在明顯的差異。屋面板剛度都是影響結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)致振動(dòng)效應(yīng)的主要因素。夾芯層阻尼會(huì)對(duì)剛度較大屋蓋結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)振效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的影響明顯,影響程度還與屋面自身剛度相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:At present, light metal roof system is widely used in large span roof structure, but the influence of roof slab on structural performance is usually neglected in structural design. In this paper, the stiffness and damping properties, analytical theory and finite element model of common polyurethane sandwich metal roof panels are studied. Furthermore, the effects of roof stiffness and damping on the wind-induced vibration of roof structures are investigated. This paper mainly includes the following five aspects: (1) the basic mechanical properties of common polyurethane sandwich materials for roof panels are tested. It was found that the tensile and compression properties of polyurethane sandwich core were different, and the mechanical properties in different directions were also different. It is pointed out that polyurethane core can be assumed as transversely isotropic material and its basic mechanical parameters are fitted according to the experimental data. Furthermore, the material loss factor of polyurethane sandwich is measured, and the curve of loss factor with temperature and frequency is given. (2) the damping characteristics of polyurethane sandwich metal roof panel are studied. The effects of the distance of purlin, the thickness of sandwich layer and the thickness of panel on the modal loss factor of polyurethane sandwich metal roof plate are analyzed. The results show that the roof plate has a high damping energy dissipation ability to the external high frequency excitation. The damping characteristics of polyurethane sandwich layer play a decisive role in the damping characteristics of the whole roof board. The dynamic responses of roof panels with different stiffness and damping under pulsating wind loads are investigated. It is found that both the finite stiffness of roof slab and the damping of sandwich layer will significantly change the fluctuating characteristics of wind pressure during the process of wind pressure transfer. (3) the plate with orthotropic surface is replaced by metal plate. Then the polyurethane sandwich roof panel is simplified as a sandwich plate with different upper and lower layer thickness and each layer material is orthotropic. Based on the theory of Hoff sandwich plate, the basic static equation of roof plate is derived, and the analytical method of the static equation is discussed. The viscoelastic properties of polyurethane sandwich are characterized by complex modulus method, and the basic dynamic equation of transverse vibration of roof plate considering sandwich layer damping is derived. (4) based on Hoff sandwich plate theory, A rectangular sandwich plate element with eight nodes defined on the middle surface of the sandwich layer is established. Each node has five degrees of freedom, three linear displacements and two rotation angles. The deformation form of the roof slab simulated by this element under static load is the same as that of the finer finite element analysis, and the deformation value is basically close to that of the finite element method. The basic modes obtained by modal analysis are the same as the fine model, and the natural frequencies are close to each other. It is shown that the sandwich plate element can effectively simulate the static and dynamic characteristics of the polyurethane sandwich metal roof panel. (5) the effects of roof stiffness and damping properties on the wind-induced vibration effect of the roof structure are investigated by two numerical examples. The analysis of the structure shows that there are obvious differences between the calculation results of the wind-induced vibration effect of the roof slab and that of the roof slab. The stiffness of roof slab is the main factor that affects the wind-induced vibration effect of structure. The influence of sandwich layer damping on the wind-induced vibration of the roof structure with larger stiffness is obvious, and the influence degree is also related to the roof stiffness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU311.3

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