【摘要】：在大氣污染日益嚴(yán)重和室內(nèi)污染物日益增多的今天，室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)受到人們強(qiáng)烈的關(guān)注。由于絕大多數(shù)人70%～90%的時(shí)間是在室內(nèi)度過的，美國(guó)疾病控制中心經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)空氣污染對(duì)人體的危害超過室外污染。同時(shí)，有人認(rèn)為室內(nèi)顆粒物污染占整個(gè)室內(nèi)空氣污染的76%，室內(nèi)顆粒污染物對(duì)人體健康構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。因此，對(duì)室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度變化特征分析以及控制室內(nèi)顆粒污染物濃度已成為暖通空調(diào)領(lǐng)域急待解決的問題。 本文通過理論推導(dǎo)，，詳細(xì)探討了室內(nèi)顆粒污染物濃度的變化特征以及各因素對(duì)室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度的影響，包括室內(nèi)顆粒物初始濃度值、新風(fēng)量、換氣次數(shù)、滲透風(fēng)量、過濾器效率等；采用線性回歸模型，結(jié)合室內(nèi)外濃度關(guān)系曲線以及室內(nèi)濃度隨時(shí)間的指數(shù)擬合曲線，對(duì)西安市某普通辦公房間室內(nèi)顆粒排放源及室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度變化特征進(jìn)行理論研究；最后提出室內(nèi)顆粒物污染的控制策略。通過分析可得以下結(jié)論：（1）室內(nèi)初始濃度C0＞室內(nèi)穩(wěn)定濃度C∞時(shí)，室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度呈現(xiàn)“白天低夜間高”的趨勢(shì)；當(dāng)C0＜C∞時(shí)，室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度呈現(xiàn)“白天高夜間低”的趨勢(shì)；當(dāng)C0=C∞時(shí)，空調(diào)系統(tǒng)室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度值保持在初始濃度值C0不變。（2）對(duì)于室內(nèi)無發(fā)塵源的自然通風(fēng)房間，I/O比隨換氣次數(shù)的增大而增加，且PM10與PM2.5的I/O比都小于1，表明室內(nèi)污染源主要來自室外；由于PM2.5在室內(nèi)的沉積率小于PM10，計(jì)算結(jié)果表明PM2.5的I/O比大于PM10。當(dāng)換氣次數(shù)n由1h-1增加至6h-1時(shí)，PM10、PM2.5的I/O比分別由0.50、0.71增加至0.86、0.94，增加了72%、32.4%�？梢姡龃髶Q氣次數(shù)對(duì)PM10的I/O比增加較為明顯，而對(duì)細(xì)顆粒物PM2.5的I/O比影響要小于PM10；若繼續(xù)增大房間換氣次數(shù)，則I/O比變化趨于平緩。（3）結(jié)合顆粒物質(zhì)量平衡方程、室內(nèi)外監(jiān)測(cè)濃度線性擬合曲線及室內(nèi)濃度隨時(shí)間的指數(shù)擬合曲線，對(duì)西安市普通辦公房間室內(nèi)顆粒排放源進(jìn)行理論研究；結(jié)果表明：對(duì)于一般辦公房間，室內(nèi)PM10的平均發(fā)塵量為7.93~12.48mg/h，室內(nèi)PM2.5的平均發(fā)塵量為2.89~4.08mg/h。通過與室內(nèi)濃度變化的指數(shù)擬合曲線相比較，驗(yàn)證了計(jì)算結(jié)果的正確性。（4）通過數(shù)值計(jì)算表明，靠通風(fēng)稀釋室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度是有限的，應(yīng)結(jié)合空氣過濾器進(jìn)行室內(nèi)顆粒污染物控制；通風(fēng)空調(diào)過濾系統(tǒng)從控制室內(nèi)顆粒物污染角度存在一個(gè)最小換氣次數(shù)。因此，在空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中，還應(yīng)從改善室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)、控制室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度的角度來校核換氣次數(shù)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of air pollution and indoor pollutants, the indoor air quality has been paid more and more attention. Because the vast majority of people spend 90% of their time indoors, the US Centers for Disease Control has found that indoor air pollution is more harmful than outdoor pollution. At the same time, some people think that indoor particulate pollution accounts for 76% of indoor air pollution, indoor particulate pollutants pose a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the analysis of indoor particulate concentration and the control of indoor particulate pollutant concentration have become urgent problems in HVAC field. Through theoretical derivation, the characteristics of indoor particulate pollutant concentration and the influence of various factors on indoor particulate concentration are discussed in detail, including initial concentration of indoor particulate matter, fresh air volume, number of air exchange, and permeation air volume. Filter efficiency, etc., using linear regression model, combined with indoor and outdoor concentration relationship curve and indoor concentration with time exponential fitting curve, The characteristics of indoor particulate emission sources and indoor particulate concentration in a general office room in Xi'an are studied theoretically. Finally, the control strategies of indoor particulate pollution are put forward. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis: (1) when the indoor initial concentration C _ 0 > the indoor stable concentration C _ 鈭

本文編號(hào)：2272202