【摘要】：中國(guó)農(nóng)村正面臨兩難境地,一方面居民對(duì)居住環(huán)境要求提高,建造大量節(jié)能技術(shù)嚴(yán)重落后的新房子,用能需求被大量釋放,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不堪重負(fù)。另一方面,中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)民居蘊(yùn)含了許多生態(tài)節(jié)能的經(jīng)驗(yàn),卻逐漸被遺忘或丟棄。因此當(dāng)下急需對(duì)地域傳統(tǒng)民居節(jié)能技術(shù)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性的研究,并將傳統(tǒng)民居的節(jié)能技術(shù)應(yīng)用至現(xiàn)代建筑或改良現(xiàn)有的傳統(tǒng)建筑。 首先,研究從分析浙南山區(qū)的氣候條件入手,運(yùn)用生態(tài)大師weather tool分析、比較全年氣候參數(shù)與熱舒適,得出為適應(yīng)這樣的氣候需采取的被動(dòng)式技術(shù)為夏季自然通風(fēng)和遮陽(yáng)、冬季保溫、春季防潮；再分析四種被動(dòng)式技術(shù),即自然通風(fēng),高熱容圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu),被動(dòng)式太陽(yáng)能采暖技術(shù),蒸發(fā)降溫技術(shù)對(duì)提高熱舒適范圍的效果。從而總結(jié)出基于氣候條件的適宜性被動(dòng)式技術(shù)。 其次,研究進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研,通過(guò)走訪三個(gè)古村落,提煉浙南山區(qū)民居在建筑形制、建筑立面、圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)、細(xì)部構(gòu)件四方面的適宜性節(jié)能技術(shù)；通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,了解民居風(fēng)環(huán)境、光環(huán)境、熱環(huán)境、濕環(huán)境主觀評(píng)價(jià)及當(dāng)下居民迫切需要改進(jìn)的方面；通過(guò)典型民居測(cè)量,提出當(dāng)下民居存在的問(wèn)題。 第三,進(jìn)行室內(nèi)外風(fēng)環(huán)境專項(xiàng)研究,以明堂室內(nèi)風(fēng)環(huán)境為研究?jī)?nèi)容,從建筑平面形制、橫向長(zhǎng)度、細(xì)部構(gòu)件、建筑朝向4個(gè)方面,選取不同的比較方案進(jìn)行對(duì)比模擬,求得最佳方案；從屋頂坡度、結(jié)構(gòu)體系、屋檐飄雨角3個(gè)方面提出浙南民居對(duì)抗臺(tái)風(fēng)的技術(shù)手段。 第四,進(jìn)行室內(nèi)光環(huán)境專項(xiàng)研究,分析民居室內(nèi)光環(huán)境質(zhì)量,從提高窗地比、提高室內(nèi)反射比、有無(wú)遮陽(yáng)構(gòu)建3個(gè)方面對(duì)室內(nèi)光環(huán)境進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,提出最佳方案。 第五,進(jìn)行太陽(yáng)輻射專項(xiàng)研究,分析浙南民居挑檐寬度對(duì)墻面日照面積的影響,并進(jìn)行優(yōu)化模擬求得最佳方案。 第六,進(jìn)行室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境專項(xiàng)研究,模擬三種通風(fēng)管理技術(shù)并提出最佳方案；模擬民居冬季、夏季典型日的室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境并分析存在的問(wèn)題；模擬3種墻面材料及提高窗戶保溫性能對(duì)室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境的影響,并根據(jù)空間屬性的不同提出相應(yīng)墻體材料的最佳選擇。 最后,研究從風(fēng)、光、輻射、熱四個(gè)專項(xiàng)對(duì)浙南地區(qū)適宜性節(jié)能技術(shù)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:China's rural areas are facing a dilemma. On the one hand, residents are demanding a higher living environment, building a large number of new houses with seriously backward energy-saving technologies, releasing large quantities of energy demand, and unbearable economic development. On the other hand, Chinese traditional houses contain a lot of ecological energy-saving experience, but are gradually forgotten or discarded. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a systematic study on the energy-saving technology of regional traditional residential buildings, and the application of energy-saving technology of traditional residential buildings to modern buildings or to improve the existing traditional buildings. First of all, from the analysis of climate conditions in the mountainous areas of southern Zhejiang Province, using the ecological master weather tool analysis, comparing the climate parameters and thermal comfort throughout the year, it is concluded that the passive technologies to adapt to such climate are natural ventilation and sunshade in summer. Winter heat preservation, spring moisture-proof, four passive technologies, namely, natural ventilation, high heat capacity enclosure, passive solar heating technology and evaporation cooling technology, are analyzed in order to improve the thermal comfort range. Therefore, the adaptive passive technology based on climatic conditions is summarized. Secondly, the research carries on the field investigation, through visits three ancient villages, refines the south Zhejiang mountainous area folk residence in the building shape, the building facade, the enclosure structure, the detail component four aspects suitable energy saving technology; through the questionnaire investigation, understands the folk residence wind environment, Light environment, thermal environment, wet environment subjective evaluation and immediate residents need to improve the aspects; through the typical residential survey, put forward the current residential problems. Thirdly, a special study on indoor and outdoor wind environment is carried out. Taking the indoor wind environment of Mingtang as the research content, different comparison schemes are selected from four aspects of building plane shape, transverse length, detail component and architectural orientation. From three aspects of roof slope, structure system and rain angle of eaves, the author puts forward the technical means of resisting typhoon in the residential houses in southern Zhejiang. Fourth, carry on the indoor light environment special research, analyze the indoor light environment quality of the dwelling house, from raise the window to floor ratio, raise the indoor reflection ratio, have shading to construct three aspects to carry on the contrast analysis to the indoor light environment, put forward the best scheme. Fifth, a special study on solar radiation is carried out to analyze the influence of the width of roof eaves on the sunshine area of wall in southern Zhejiang, and to optimize the simulation to obtain the best scheme. Sixth, special research on indoor thermal environment, simulating three ventilation management techniques and putting forward the best scheme, simulating the indoor thermal environment of typical days in winter and summer and analyzing the existing problems; The effects of three kinds of wall materials and improving the thermal insulation performance of windows on the indoor thermal environment were simulated, and the optimal selection of the corresponding wall materials was put forward according to the different space attributes. Finally, the paper summarizes the suitable energy saving technology in south Zhejiang from wind, light, radiation and heat.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU241.5

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