【摘要】：城市地下空間大規(guī)模發(fā)展是城市建設(shè)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展達(dá)到一定高度的必然需求，但是如何融入城市空間體系是當(dāng)前我國城市向更高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的一個(gè)難題。當(dāng)前城市建筑高度與密度的不斷上升與地下空間基礎(chǔ)的支撐嚴(yán)重脫節(jié)，導(dǎo)致城市地面空間十分擁擠，交通擁堵加劇、景觀綠化不足、環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重、人性化空間缺失等城市問題。新世紀(jì)來臨，在我國城市經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)能力快速提高的背景下，科學(xué)合理地進(jìn)行城市地下空間綜合開發(fā)與利用對于消解或緩解城市地面空間緊張，提升地上空間環(huán)境提供了強(qiáng)有力的支撐。本文致力于如何能夠開發(fā)利用好城市地下空間，優(yōu)化城市高密度發(fā)展地區(qū)的空間環(huán)境，建立緊湊型、立體化、高效率的城市空間體系這一問題的研究分析。 與歐洲城市發(fā)展地下空間起始于地鐵不同，我國城市地下空間源于早期人民防空工程的平戰(zhàn)結(jié)合需求，缺乏最初將地下空間納入城市空間一體化開發(fā)的初始契合期，但未來走向城市地上空間與地下空間一體化的發(fā)展方向是一致的。城市地下空間作為城市中潛力巨大的空間資源，，能夠滿足地面、地上進(jìn)一步的空間需求，地鐵建設(shè)與地下建筑的快速發(fā)展使地下空間更加深入地融入城市空間體系。面向城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展愿景，探索城市地上地下空間一體化發(fā)展是城市空間體系優(yōu)化的一個(gè)重要課題。 隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化的推進(jìn)，城市人口高密度、建筑高密度、經(jīng)濟(jì)高密度三者交織在一起，對于城市特定地區(qū)即高密度建設(shè)地區(qū)的空間容量及需求猛增，從而產(chǎn)生了對城市高密度地區(qū)地上地下空間的巨大需求。另外，我國城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，在經(jīng)歷了30多年的快速城市化發(fā)展后，由注重城鎮(zhèn)化數(shù)量向注重質(zhì)量進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)型，也需要探索城市人口高密度、建筑高密度地區(qū)城市地下建筑空間、地下交通空間與地下環(huán)境安全空間三者之間的融合途徑、法則、模式等問題，實(shí)現(xiàn)城市緊湊化、高效化、立體化、復(fù)合化的健康發(fā)展道路。 本文圍繞城市地下空間在城市高密度地區(qū)的開發(fā)特點(diǎn)與開發(fā)方式，通過理清我國城市高密度地區(qū)空間開發(fā)屬性、空間類型、密度特征，分析高密度地區(qū)空間集聚必要性和矛盾性。分析認(rèn)為城市中心區(qū)、舊城核心區(qū)及軌道（TOD模式）周邊高密度開發(fā)地區(qū)的地下空間系統(tǒng)性開發(fā)的需求最為強(qiáng)烈，引導(dǎo)這些地區(qū)地上地下空間的一體化開發(fā)，有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)土地高密度混合開發(fā)、地上地下城市空間一體化開發(fā)、城市交通立體化開發(fā)的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。 在論文內(nèi)容組織安排上上，首先分析了當(dāng)前地下空間在城市高密度地區(qū)的復(fù)雜性與需求的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境。力求通過理論發(fā)展研究、典型案例實(shí)證、實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)及開展對一個(gè)特定舊城高密度商業(yè)區(qū)（北京東城區(qū)的舊城密集地區(qū)）更新改造地上、地下空間需求與矛盾的深入調(diào)研，論證高密度地區(qū)城市地上空間的矛盾性與復(fù)雜性，提出從地下空間一體化開發(fā)入手，支撐城市地上空間開發(fā)的巨大機(jī)遇。 其次，文章選取城市高密度開發(fā)的四種典型地區(qū)，城市CBD地區(qū)、新城中心區(qū)、舊城核心區(qū)及高密度開發(fā)的軌道站點(diǎn)周邊地區(qū)地下空間開發(fā)類型、強(qiáng)度、規(guī)模與地上空間開發(fā)密度之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究。通過分析地下空間在延伸城市功能、建筑空間組合、地下軌道交通與地下停車的空間組合方法及實(shí)踐，論證城市地下空間與地上空間融合的創(chuàng)新策略與規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)。 再次，針對現(xiàn)代城市地下空間在安全及環(huán)境品質(zhì)的高要求，論文研究地下空間開發(fā)的地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件、地下環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及地下空間開發(fā)宏觀與微觀適應(yīng)性等問題。針對未來城市地下空間環(huán)境品質(zhì)要求研究如何改善地下空間的濕熱、通風(fēng)與除菌環(huán)境，通過地下空間生態(tài)化、藝術(shù)化、安全化設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)建設(shè)生態(tài)化地下空間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的策略。 最后，論文總結(jié)并完善了當(dāng)前我國城市地下空間的規(guī)劃編制體系與設(shè)計(jì)方法。在城市地下空間建構(gòu)方法上提出“柔性映射”、“緊湊聚合”、“網(wǎng)絡(luò)島鏈”、“捷徑追蹤”、“持續(xù)秩序”5項(xiàng)法則，在地下空間規(guī)劃模式上提出“環(huán)形聯(lián)結(jié)”、“脊軸帶動”、“枝狀生長”3種典型模式，有利于提升城市地下空間規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)層次、內(nèi)容及技術(shù)方法。
[Abstract]:The large-scale development of urban underground space is the inevitable demand of urban construction and economic development, but how to integrate into the urban space system is a difficult problem for the higher quality development in our country. At present, the rising of urban building height and density is divorced from the support of underground space foundation, which causes the urban ground space to be very crowded, the traffic jam is increased, the landscape afforesting is insufficient, the environment pollution is serious, the human space is missing and so on. In the new century, under the background of the rapid improvement of urban economic construction ability in our country, the comprehensive development and utilization of urban underground space has provided strong support to dispel or alleviate the tension of urban ground space and improve the space environment on the ground. This paper is devoted to the development and utilization of urban underground space, optimizing the space environment of urban high-density development area, and establishing a compact, efficient and efficient urban spatial system. With the development of underground space in European cities, the underground space of our country is due to the combination of the early people's air defense engineering, and the lack of the initial deed of integrating the underground space into the urban space integration development. The development direction of the integration of space and underground space in the future is one The urban underground space, as a space resource with great potential in the city, can meet the needs of the ground and the ground, and the subway construction and the rapid development of underground buildings make the underground space more deeply integrated into the urban space The development of underground space in urban areas is an important part of the optimization of urban space system. Subject. With the advancement of China's urbanization, the high density of urban population, the high density of buildings and the high density of economy, the space capacity of urban specific areas, namely, the high-density construction area and the surge in demand, thereby generating underground space on the ground in the high-density area of the city In addition, our country's urban and rural structure has changed. After more than 30 years of rapid urbanization development, the urbanization quantity is transformed to the quality of injection, and it is also necessary to explore the high density of urban population and the high-density urban areas of the building. The integration approach, rule, mode and other problems of the lower building space, underground transportation space and underground environment safety space are solved, so as to realize the compact, high-efficiency, high-efficiency and composite health of the city. Based on the development characteristics and development mode of urban underground space in urban high-density areas, this paper analyses the spatial development attributes, spatial types and density characteristics of urban high-density areas in China, and analyzes the spatial set of high-density areas. It is believed that the demand for systematic development of underground space in the high-density development area around the urban central area, the core area of the old city and the orbit (TOD mode) is the most intense, which leads to the integration and development of underground space in these areas, which is conducive to the realization of soil. High-density mixed development of ground, integrated development of underground urban space and three-dimensional urban traffic On the arrangement of the content organization of the paper, the author firstly analyzes the current underground space in the high-density area of the city. The realistic dilemma of complexity and demand is to renew and reconstruct the ground and underground space through theoretical development research, typical case demonstration, practice experience summary and development of a special old city high-density business district (the old city dense area in Dongcheng District, Beijing). Through in-depth research on demand and contradiction, the paper proves the contradiction and complexity of the space on the ground in the high-density area, and puts forward the supporting city from the development of underground space integration. Secondly, the paper chooses four typical areas of urban high-density development, the urban CBD area, the central district of the new city, the core area of the old city and the underground space development type, intensity, scale and space of the surrounding area of the high-density developed orbit station. Based on the analysis of the spatial combination method and practice of underground space in extending urban function, building space combination, underground rail transit and underground parking, the paper proves the urban underground space and the ground The innovation strategy and design of space fusion. Thirdly, in view of the high requirement of modern urban underground space in safety and environmental quality, the paper studies the geological environment condition of underground space development, the quality standard of underground environment, and In view of the future urban underground space environment quality, it is necessary to study how to improve the environment of damp-heat, ventilation and bacteria removal in underground space. Finally, the paper summarizes and perfects the current strategy of constructing ecological underground space standard. This paper puts forward 鈥渇lexible mapping鈥

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