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開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-09-10 15:05
【摘要】:轉(zhuǎn)輪式除濕空調(diào)是進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)和生活環(huán)境濕度調(diào)節(jié)、實(shí)現(xiàn)溫濕度獨(dú)立控制的有效方式。如何提高能量轉(zhuǎn)換利用效率、增強(qiáng)熱濕處理能力是轉(zhuǎn)輪式除濕空調(diào)研究的重要方向。本文針對傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)輪式除濕空調(diào)性能系數(shù)受限以及顯熱處理能力不足的問題,提出了“開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)”,結(jié)合了等溫除濕可以最小化干燥除濕過程的不可逆損失和再生式蒸發(fā)冷卻理想情況下趨于可逆的特性,在干燥除濕的同時(shí),輸出較低溫度冷水,不僅可以改善顯熱處理能力,而且利于實(shí)現(xiàn)由低品位熱能驅(qū)動(dòng)的溫濕度獨(dú)立控制。本文具體工作如下: 首先,對典型通風(fēng)式轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)循環(huán)進(jìn)行熱力學(xué)分析,形成了適用于轉(zhuǎn)輪式除濕空調(diào)的熱力學(xué)分析方法和評價(jià)指標(biāo)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)輪式除濕空調(diào)熱力性能受限以及顯熱處理能力不足的問題,提出了基于等溫除濕和再生式蒸發(fā)冷卻的開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)循環(huán)。其空調(diào)方式是通過兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕過程對空氣進(jìn)行潛熱負(fù)荷處理,顯熱負(fù)荷的處理則是利用修正的再生式蒸發(fā)冷卻過程制取冷凍水實(shí)現(xiàn)。從循環(huán)形式上講,開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)與傳統(tǒng)兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪混合式除濕空調(diào)具有相似性,都是先通過兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕過程對空氣進(jìn)行潛熱負(fù)荷處理,再對空氣進(jìn)行顯熱負(fù)荷處理;主要區(qū)別在于顯熱負(fù)荷的處理方式,兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪混合式除濕空調(diào)是引入空氣源熱泵等傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)設(shè)備,開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)則采用以低品位熱能驅(qū)動(dòng)所制取的低溫冷水。與傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)輪式除濕空調(diào)相比,開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的制冷空調(diào)能力和能量利用效率均得以大幅提升。能量利用效率相當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下,開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)較之兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào),送風(fēng)比火用增大約10%。與兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪混合式除濕空調(diào)相比,相同送風(fēng)狀態(tài)和制冷量條件下,開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的熱力性能系數(shù)和火用效率提高約30%。 其次,對開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的近似空調(diào)系統(tǒng)——基于兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕和空氣源熱泵的混合式空調(diào)進(jìn)行研究,通過典型工況下的實(shí)驗(yàn)測試、季節(jié)性熱力性能分析以及適用性討論,探明了該類型空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行特性,為后續(xù)開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的研究奠定了可行性基礎(chǔ)和參照,同時(shí)也為兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪混合式除濕空調(diào)在太陽能等低品位熱能利用方面提供了支持。高濕氣候條件下,獨(dú)立的太陽能兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)通常只能進(jìn)行潛熱負(fù)荷處理,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)顯熱負(fù)荷處理,需要引入輔助冷卻設(shè)備,組成太陽能兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪混合式除濕空調(diào)。兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪混合式除濕空調(diào)以太陽能驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí),不僅能量利用效率高,而且具有良好的適用性。典型氣候條件下,混合式除濕空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的夏季平均熱力性能系數(shù)在0.9左右,相應(yīng)太陽能貢獻(xiàn)率和節(jié)電率在30%左右。 第三,,搭建了開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,對基于兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕和再生式蒸發(fā)冷卻的冷凍水制取過程進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測試,并比較分析新型開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)與傳統(tǒng)兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的熱力性能,完成了對開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的可行性實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。測試結(jié)果表明,開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)所制取的冷水能有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)顯熱負(fù)荷處理,可以成為兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪混合式除濕空調(diào)的一種替代。獨(dú)立冷凍水制取系統(tǒng)的熱力性能系數(shù)為0.3~0.6,平均供水溫度為15.1~20.7oC。開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的熱力性能系數(shù)為0.8~0.9,送風(fēng)含濕量相同的情況下,其送風(fēng)溫度較之傳統(tǒng)兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)大大降低,特別是在濕潤和高濕工況下,傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)顯熱處理能力不足,有效制冷量較小,需要更高品位的熱能驅(qū)動(dòng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)獨(dú)立運(yùn)行,而新型系統(tǒng)則克服了這一問題,更加有利于低品位熱能的利用。 最后,在理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并對開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)的熱質(zhì)傳遞特性、可及處理區(qū)域和熱濕處理能力進(jìn)行了分析,比較了開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)和傳統(tǒng)兩級轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)熱濕處理能力的差異,明確了新型空調(diào)方式在熱濕處理能力(特別是顯熱處理能力)方面的改善程度?杉疤幚韰^(qū)域分析表明,開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)具有良好的適用性,50~90oC熱源基本可以滿足溫和、濕潤和高濕氣候下的驅(qū)動(dòng)要求。與傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)輪式除濕空調(diào)相比,開式冷水型轉(zhuǎn)輪除濕空調(diào)在顯熱負(fù)荷處理方面具有極大的優(yōu)勢,有利于突破傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)所固有的(尤其是高濕工況下)顯熱處理能力不足的限制。
[Abstract]:Runner dehumidification air conditioning is an effective way to adjust the humidity of production and living environment and realize the independent control of temperature and humidity.How to improve the efficiency of energy conversion and enhance the capacity of heat and humidity treatment is an important research direction of runner dehumidification air conditioning. In order to solve the problem, an "open-type cold-water type runner dehumidification air conditioner" is proposed, which combines the characteristics that isothermal dehumidification can minimize the irreversible loss of drying and dehumidification process and that regenerative evaporative cooling tends to be reversible under ideal conditions. Independent control of temperature and humidity is driven by low-grade thermal energy.
Firstly, the thermodynamic analysis of the typical ventilated runner dehumidification air conditioning cycle is carried out, and the thermodynamic analysis method and evaluation index suitable for the runner dehumidification air conditioning are formed. The open-type cold-water runner desiccant air conditioning cycle is developed and cooled. The air conditioning mode is to deal with the latent heat load of the air through the two-stage runner dehumidification process, while the sensible heat load is to use the modified regenerative evaporative cooling process to produce chilled water. Hybrid dehumidification air conditioning with wheels has the similarity, which is to deal with the latent heat load of the air through the two-stage runner dehumidification process, and then the sensible heat load of the air; the main difference is the treatment of sensible heat load, the two-stage runner hybrid dehumidification air conditioning is the introduction of air-source heat pump and other traditional air conditioning equipment, the open-type cold water runner. Compared with the traditional runner dehumidification air conditioning system, the refrigeration and air conditioning capacity and energy utilization efficiency of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioning system are greatly improved. Compared with the two-stage runner dehumidification air conditioner, the thermal performance coefficient and exergy efficiency of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner increase by about 30% under the same air supply condition and refrigeration capacity.
Secondly, the research on the approximate air conditioning system of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioning system based on the two-stage runner dehumidification and air-source heat pump hybrid air conditioning is carried out. Through the experimental test under typical working conditions, the seasonal thermodynamic performance analysis and applicability discussion, the operating characteristics of this type of air conditioning system are explored, which is the follow-up open-type cold water type. The research on the runner dehumidification air conditioning lays a feasible foundation and reference, and also provides support for the two-stage runner hybrid dehumidification air conditioning in the utilization of low-grade thermal energy such as solar energy. The hybrid dehumidification air conditioning with two-stage runner is composed of auxiliary cooling equipment. When driven by solar energy, the hybrid dehumidification air conditioning with two-stage runner not only has high energy efficiency, but also has good applicability. Under typical climate conditions, the average thermal performance coefficient of the hybrid dehumidification air conditioning system in summer is about 0.9, corresponding to the sun. The contribution rate and power saving rate are about 30%.
Thirdly, the experimental device of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner is set up, and the process of making cold water based on the two-stage runner dehumidification and regenerative evaporative cooling is tested. The thermal performance of the new-type open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner and the traditional two-stage runner dehumidification air conditioner is compared and analyzed, and the opposite-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner is completed. The test results show that the cold water produced by the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner can effectively realize sensible heat load treatment and can be used as a substitute for the two-stage runner mixed dehumidification air conditioner. The thermal performance coefficient of the open-type cold-water runner desiccant air-conditioning is 0.8-0.9, and the air supply temperature is much lower than that of the traditional two-stage runner desiccant air-conditioning under the same humidity. Especially in humid and high humidity conditions, the traditional system has insufficient apparent heat treatment capacity, less effective refrigeration capacity, and needs higher-grade thermal energy drive. The new system overcomes this problem and is more conducive to the utilization of low-grade thermal energy.
Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental research, the mathematical model of open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner is established, and the heat and mass transfer characteristics, accessible area and heat and humidity treatment capacity of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner are analyzed. The open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner and the traditional two-stage runner dehumidification air conditioner are compared. The difference of heat and humidity treatment ability indicates the improvement degree of the new air conditioning mode in heat and humidity treatment ability (especially the apparent heat treatment ability). The analysis of accessibility area shows that the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioning has good applicability, and the 50-90oC heat source can basically meet the driving requirements in mild, humid and humid climates. Compared with the traditional runner dehumidification air conditioning, the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioning has a great advantage in the treatment of sensible heat load, which is conducive to breaking through the limitation of the traditional system inherent (especially under high humidity conditions) in the lack of sensible heat treatment capacity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:TU831.4

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