城鎮(zhèn)住宅建筑能耗指標(biāo)分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系的基礎(chǔ)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 15:12
【摘要】：當(dāng)前，我國(guó)新建城鎮(zhèn)住宅建筑按照國(guó)家建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)建造，符合國(guó)家建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但是，由于生活質(zhì)量的提高，人均住房面積的增加，導(dǎo)致人均建筑能耗和戶均建筑能耗的差異性擴(kuò)大。控制建筑能耗的增長(zhǎng)，根本途徑在于設(shè)計(jì)建造低能耗的建筑物。由于住宅建筑的質(zhì)量等級(jí)有所差別，造成了不同質(zhì)量等級(jí)建筑的人均能耗差異巨大。20%的高收入人群大約消耗了40%的能源。因此，控制建筑能耗的增長(zhǎng)，應(yīng)該對(duì)不同質(zhì)量等級(jí)的住宅建筑實(shí)行不同的節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使高能耗建筑的節(jié)能責(zé)任更大。 我國(guó)公民有平等地使用能源的權(quán)利，住宅建筑的能耗也是和人的活動(dòng)密切聯(lián)系的，因此，要研究建筑能耗使用的公平性，不能撇開人均能耗這個(gè)指標(biāo)。作者針對(duì)不同質(zhì)量等級(jí)的住宅建筑的能耗問(wèn)題，開展了大量研究，嘗試對(duì)不同質(zhì)量等級(jí)的住宅建筑進(jìn)行能耗指標(biāo)的分級(jí)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)能源使用的公平性。 作者以西安市的既有住宅建筑為例，選取不同年代、不同面積和不同構(gòu)造的住宅建筑作為樣本，對(duì)既有數(shù)據(jù)、圖紙進(jìn)行整理編訂，實(shí)地調(diào)研住宅建筑的熱工參數(shù)、住戶的收入情況和家庭人口數(shù)量等等。通過(guò)對(duì)不同質(zhì)量等級(jí)典型建筑的熱工性能和能耗指標(biāo)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試、計(jì)算和模擬分析，建立了不同質(zhì)量等級(jí)住宅建筑單位面積耗熱量指標(biāo)的分布規(guī)律。在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合居民生活現(xiàn)狀分析城鎮(zhèn)住宅建筑的單位面積耗熱量指標(biāo)以及人均和戶均耗熱量指標(biāo)的分布特征和規(guī)律，運(yùn)用公平理論和需求層次理論，參考階梯電價(jià)的方法和原理，初步為城鎮(zhèn)住宅建筑的能耗指標(biāo)做出了分級(jí)。得到主要研究成果如下： 1．隨著建筑技術(shù)的提高，建筑物單位面積的耗熱量指標(biāo)下降。單位面積的耗熱量指標(biāo)和住宅建筑的構(gòu)造、建筑技術(shù)關(guān)系密切。 2．以西安市為例，占人口比例80%的人群，單位面積人均能耗指標(biāo)是3Kw·h/m~2·人·年，，占人口比例為15%的人群，單位面積人均耗熱量指標(biāo)是3-3.5Kw·h/m~2·人·年，占人口比例為6%的人群，單位面積人均耗熱量指標(biāo)在3.5-4Kw·h/m~2·人·年。 3．以西安市為例，占人口比例80%的人群是中、低收入人群，20%的人群是高收入人群，根據(jù)測(cè)算和換算，單位面積人均耗熱量指標(biāo)，隨著住宅面積的增加而增加。我們調(diào)研的住宅面積，也隨著戶均收入和人均收入的增加而增加。城鎮(zhèn)住宅建筑的單位面積人均耗熱量指標(biāo)與各戶經(jīng)濟(jì)收入之間呈正比關(guān)系。 4．根據(jù)研究結(jié)果，依據(jù)單位面積人均耗熱量指標(biāo)，將城鎮(zhèn)住宅建筑耗熱量指標(biāo)做出如下分級(jí)： 第一級(jí)：?jiǎn)挝幻娣e人均能耗在大于1Kw·h/m~2·人·年小于3Kw·h/m~2·人的，為第一級(jí)，此為基準(zhǔn)建筑能耗指標(biāo)，在此能耗指標(biāo)區(qū)間的，不加收能耗使用費(fèi)； 第二級(jí)：?jiǎn)挝幻娣e人均能耗在3-3.5Kw·h/m~2·人·年以上的，為第二級(jí)，在此能耗指標(biāo)區(qū)間的，加收能耗使用費(fèi)10%； 第三級(jí)：?jiǎn)挝幻娣e人均能耗在3.5-4Kw·h/m~2·人·年以上的，為第三級(jí)，在此能耗指標(biāo)區(qū)間的，再加收能耗使用費(fèi)10%； 補(bǔ)貼級(jí)：?jiǎn)挝幻娣e人均能耗小于1Kw·h/m~2·人·年的，為補(bǔ)貼級(jí)，在此能耗指標(biāo)以下，不但不加收能耗使用費(fèi)，相反還應(yīng)該進(jìn)行能耗補(bǔ)貼。 5．依據(jù)分級(jí)研究成果，對(duì)我國(guó)建筑節(jié)能技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系和法律體系的完善提出了立法建議。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)住宅建筑能耗指標(biāo)的分級(jí)研究，可以為相關(guān)建筑設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范的制定提供指導(dǎo)，對(duì)單位面積人均耗熱量指標(biāo)超過(guò)社會(huì)平均值的大戶型建筑提出了更高的節(jié)能指標(biāo)要求，以利于實(shí)現(xiàn)能源使用的真正公平。通過(guò)這些措施，可以有效降低高能耗人群的建筑能耗，控制未來(lái)新增建筑的能耗增長(zhǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑節(jié)能的目標(biāo)。 此外，本文的研究成果還可以為立法機(jī)關(guān)提供一定的立法技術(shù)支持。以研究成果推動(dòng)立法機(jī)關(guān)制定具有強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行力的規(guī)范性文件，對(duì)促進(jìn)建筑節(jié)能法律體系的完善同樣具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:At present, the newly-built residential buildings in our country are designed and constructed according to the national building energy-saving design standard, which conforms to the national building energy-saving standard. However, due to the improvement of the quality of life and the increase of the per capita housing area, the difference between the per capita building energy consumption and the per household building energy consumption is enlarged. Build buildings with low energy consumption. Because of the difference in the quality of residential buildings, there is a huge difference in energy consumption per capita between different quality buildings. 20% of high-income people consume about 40% of energy. Therefore, to control the growth of building energy consumption, different energy-saving standards should be adopted for different quality residential buildings, so as to achieve high energy consumption. Building energy conservation is more responsible.
Citizens in China have equal rights to use energy, and energy consumption of residential buildings is closely related to human activities. Therefore, to study the fairness of building energy consumption, the index of per capita energy consumption can not be ignored. The energy consumption index of residential buildings is classified to achieve equity in energy use.
Taking the existing residential buildings in Xi'an as an example, the author chooses the residential buildings of different ages, areas and structures as samples, arranges and compiles the existing data and drawings, investigates the thermal parameters of residential buildings, household income and the number of household population and so on. Based on the field test, calculation and simulation analysis of performance and energy consumption index, the distribution law of heat consumption index per unit area of residential buildings with different quality grades is established. According to the theory of equity and hierarchy of demand and the method and principle of ladder electricity price, the energy consumption index of urban residential buildings is graded preliminarily.
1. With the improvement of building technology, the index of heat consumption per unit area of buildings decreases. The index of heat consumption per unit area is closely related to the structure of residential buildings and building technology.
2. Taking Xi'an as an example, the energy consumption per capita per unit area is 3 Kw 65507
3. Take Xi'an as an example, 80% of the population is middle, low-income people, 20% of the population is high-income people, according to the calculation and conversion, the per capita heat consumption index per unit area increases with the increase of residential area. The per capita heat consumption per unit area is directly proportional to the household income.
4. According to the research results, according to the per capita heat consumption index per unit area, the heat consumption index of urban residential buildings is classified as follows:
The first level: per capita energy consumption per unit area is greater than 1 Kw H / m~2 per person year less than 3 Kw H / m~2 per person, which is the first level. This is the benchmark building energy consumption index. In this energy consumption index range, no energy consumption use fee is added.
The second level: the per capita energy consumption per unit area is more than 3-3.5Kw.h/m 2.per person per year, and the second level. In this energy consumption index range, 10% of the energy consumption is charged.
The third level: the per capita energy consumption per unit area of 3.5-4 Kw H / m~2 person year or more is the third level. In this energy consumption index range, 10% of the energy consumption is charged.
Subsidy level: If the per capita energy consumption per unit area is less than 1 Kw h m~2 per person year, it is a subsidy level. Under this energy consumption index, not only no energy consumption fee is added, but also energy consumption subsidies should be carried out.
5. Based on the results of grading research, legislative suggestions are put forward to improve the technical standard system and legal system of building energy conservation in China.
Through the grading research on energy consumption index of urban residential buildings, this paper can provide guidance for the formulation of relevant architectural design norms, and put forward higher energy-saving index requirements for large-scale buildings whose per capita heat consumption index exceeds the social average in order to realize the real fairness of energy use. It can effectively reduce the building energy consumption of high-energy-consuming people, control the energy consumption growth of new buildings in the future, and achieve the goal of building energy conservation.
In addition, the research results of this paper can also provide some legislative technical support for the legislature. To promote the legislature to formulate mandatory normative documents is also of great significance to promote the improvement of building energy-saving legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU241;TU111.195
本文編號(hào)：2217573
[Abstract]:At present, the newly-built residential buildings in our country are designed and constructed according to the national building energy-saving design standard, which conforms to the national building energy-saving standard. However, due to the improvement of the quality of life and the increase of the per capita housing area, the difference between the per capita building energy consumption and the per household building energy consumption is enlarged. Build buildings with low energy consumption. Because of the difference in the quality of residential buildings, there is a huge difference in energy consumption per capita between different quality buildings. 20% of high-income people consume about 40% of energy. Therefore, to control the growth of building energy consumption, different energy-saving standards should be adopted for different quality residential buildings, so as to achieve high energy consumption. Building energy conservation is more responsible.
Citizens in China have equal rights to use energy, and energy consumption of residential buildings is closely related to human activities. Therefore, to study the fairness of building energy consumption, the index of per capita energy consumption can not be ignored. The energy consumption index of residential buildings is classified to achieve equity in energy use.
Taking the existing residential buildings in Xi'an as an example, the author chooses the residential buildings of different ages, areas and structures as samples, arranges and compiles the existing data and drawings, investigates the thermal parameters of residential buildings, household income and the number of household population and so on. Based on the field test, calculation and simulation analysis of performance and energy consumption index, the distribution law of heat consumption index per unit area of residential buildings with different quality grades is established. According to the theory of equity and hierarchy of demand and the method and principle of ladder electricity price, the energy consumption index of urban residential buildings is graded preliminarily.
1. With the improvement of building technology, the index of heat consumption per unit area of buildings decreases. The index of heat consumption per unit area is closely related to the structure of residential buildings and building technology.
2. Taking Xi'an as an example, the energy consumption per capita per unit area is 3 Kw 65507
3. Take Xi'an as an example, 80% of the population is middle, low-income people, 20% of the population is high-income people, according to the calculation and conversion, the per capita heat consumption index per unit area increases with the increase of residential area. The per capita heat consumption per unit area is directly proportional to the household income.
4. According to the research results, according to the per capita heat consumption index per unit area, the heat consumption index of urban residential buildings is classified as follows:
The first level: per capita energy consumption per unit area is greater than 1 Kw H / m~2 per person year less than 3 Kw H / m~2 per person, which is the first level. This is the benchmark building energy consumption index. In this energy consumption index range, no energy consumption use fee is added.
The second level: the per capita energy consumption per unit area is more than 3-3.5Kw.h/m 2.per person per year, and the second level. In this energy consumption index range, 10% of the energy consumption is charged.
The third level: the per capita energy consumption per unit area of 3.5-4 Kw H / m~2 person year or more is the third level. In this energy consumption index range, 10% of the energy consumption is charged.
Subsidy level: If the per capita energy consumption per unit area is less than 1 Kw h m~2 per person year, it is a subsidy level. Under this energy consumption index, not only no energy consumption fee is added, but also energy consumption subsidies should be carried out.
5. Based on the results of grading research, legislative suggestions are put forward to improve the technical standard system and legal system of building energy conservation in China.
Through the grading research on energy consumption index of urban residential buildings, this paper can provide guidance for the formulation of relevant architectural design norms, and put forward higher energy-saving index requirements for large-scale buildings whose per capita heat consumption index exceeds the social average in order to realize the real fairness of energy use. It can effectively reduce the building energy consumption of high-energy-consuming people, control the energy consumption growth of new buildings in the future, and achieve the goal of building energy conservation.
In addition, the research results of this paper can also provide some legislative technical support for the legislature. To promote the legislature to formulate mandatory normative documents is also of great significance to promote the improvement of building energy-saving legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU241;TU111.195
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