【摘要】：管道泄漏是威脅管道運(yùn)行安全的主要因素，每年由于管道泄漏事件引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失是非常巨大的，同時(shí)供熱系統(tǒng)的管道泄漏事件還會(huì)造成很?chē)?yán)重的社會(huì)不良影響，所以解決管道泄漏的問(wèn)題不僅不能減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失還能維護(hù)社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定。應(yīng)用次聲波泄漏檢測(cè)技術(shù)可以對(duì)管道泄漏進(jìn)行快速準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)，研究成果可以在各類(lèi)供熱及其他運(yùn)輸管道上應(yīng)用，為管道泄漏檢測(cè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提供了一定的科學(xué)依據(jù)。 本文應(yīng)用次聲波泄漏檢測(cè)法對(duì)供熱管道的泄漏進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，對(duì)其檢測(cè)原理、軟件及硬件的編寫(xiě)及應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述，主要的工作如下： 1、對(duì)卡爾曼濾波算法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。分析卡爾曼濾波原理，針對(duì)卡爾曼濾波對(duì)頻域信號(hào)濾波效果不明顯的問(wèn)題，根據(jù)次聲波的頻域特點(diǎn)對(duì)濾波算法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，，通過(guò)加強(qiáng)低頻信號(hào)的檢測(cè)能力，凸顯泄漏信號(hào)的低頻分量，為管道泄漏定位奠定基礎(chǔ)。 2、對(duì)管道泄漏檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的硬件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。管道泄漏檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)包括檢查井泄漏和管道泄漏，目前市場(chǎng)上沒(méi)有針對(duì)檢查井檢測(cè)的相關(guān)設(shè)備，本文設(shè)計(jì)了基于16位超低功耗單片機(jī)PIC24F16KA102的檢查井泄漏檢測(cè)的硬件系統(tǒng)，能快速檢測(cè)出檢查井內(nèi)的泄漏情況，該系統(tǒng)利用蓄電池可連續(xù)工作一個(gè)采暖期以上的時(shí)間；設(shè)計(jì)了基于STM32F103、GPRS和GPS的管道泄漏硬件系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了管道泄漏數(shù)據(jù)的采集與傳輸。 3、對(duì)上位機(jī)軟件和下位機(jī)軟件進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)，上位機(jī)軟件設(shè)計(jì)部分介紹了次聲波法泄泄漏定位的原理和計(jì)算過(guò)程，并以Labview為基礎(chǔ)，實(shí)用MATHSCRIPT內(nèi)嵌腳本的方法，進(jìn)行算法移植，同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)了上位機(jī)軟件的其他功能，包括數(shù)據(jù)接收、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)、數(shù)據(jù)讀取、泄漏信號(hào)分析、泄漏定位、歷史數(shù)據(jù)查詢等功能模塊，同時(shí)還包括軟件的的界面及實(shí)現(xiàn)泄漏實(shí)時(shí)報(bào)警等功能。下位機(jī)軟件部分包括兩個(gè)部分，一是檢查井部分程序設(shè)計(jì)和管道泄漏檢測(cè)部分的軟件設(shè)計(jì)，檢查井部分的下位機(jī)軟件直接編寫(xiě)應(yīng)用程序和模塊驅(qū)動(dòng)，管道泄漏檢測(cè)部分包括操作系統(tǒng)的移植，應(yīng)用程序的編寫(xiě)和外圍模塊驅(qū)動(dòng)的編寫(xiě)。 4、對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，包括檢查井和管道兩大部分，檢查井部分的測(cè)試包括對(duì)泄漏檢測(cè)功能和檢查井蓋防盜功能的測(cè)試，還包括對(duì)檢查井部分硬件系統(tǒng)功耗的測(cè)試，分析其功耗是否能滿足至少一個(gè)供暖期的使用，最后是對(duì)檢查井硬件部分與上位機(jī)軟件部分的通信進(jìn)行測(cè)試，管道泄漏檢測(cè)部分的測(cè)試包括下位機(jī)信號(hào)采集和向上位機(jī)傳輸是否正常以及上位機(jī)軟件是否能正常的對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)、讀取、處理并進(jìn)行定位的功能。而且本系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在大慶油田礦區(qū)服務(wù)事業(yè)部的供熱公司進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Pipeline leakage is the main factor threatening the safety of pipeline operation. The economic loss caused by pipeline leakage every year is very huge. At the same time, the pipeline leakage of heating system will also cause very serious social adverse effects. Therefore, solving the problem of pipeline leakage can not only reduce economic losses but also maintain social harmony and stability. The application of infrasound leak detection technology can be used to detect pipeline leakage quickly and accurately. The research results can be applied to all kinds of heat supply and other transportation pipelines, which provides a scientific basis for the further development of pipeline leakage detection. In this paper, the leakage detection method of infrasound wave is used to detect the leakage of heating pipeline. The principle, software and hardware of the leak detection and its application are described in detail. The main work is as follows: 1. The Kalman filtering algorithm is improved. This paper analyzes the principle of Kalman filter, aiming at the problem that the effect of Kalman filter on frequency domain signal is not obvious, the filtering algorithm is improved according to the frequency domain characteristic of infrasound wave, and the detection ability of low frequency signal is strengthened. The low frequency component of the leakage signal is highlighted to lay the foundation for the pipeline leakage location. 2, the hardware of the pipeline leakage detection system is designed. Pipeline leak detection system includes inspection well leakage and pipeline leakage. At present, there is no relevant equipment for inspection well detection in the market. In this paper, a hardware system of inspection well leakage detection based on 16-bit ultra-low power MCU PIC24F16KA102 is designed. The system can detect leakage in well quickly, the system can work more than one heating period continuously by using battery, and the hardware system of pipeline leakage based on STM32F103GPRS and GPS is designed. The collection and transmission of pipeline leakage data are realized. 3. The upper computer software and the lower computer software are designed. The design part of the upper computer software introduces the principle and calculation process of the infrasonic leak leakage location, and based on Labview. Practical MATHSCRIPT embedded script method, algorithm transplantation, at the same time designed other functions of the host computer software, including data receiving, data storage, data reading, leak signal analysis, leak location, historical data query and other functional modules. At the same time, it also includes the interface of the software and the function of realizing the real-time alarm of leakage. The part of the lower computer software includes two parts, one is the software design of the inspection well part and the pipeline leak detection part, the other is the software of the inspection well part directly writes the application program and the module driver. The pipeline leak detection part includes the transplantation of the operating system, the writing of the application program and the writing of the peripheral module driver. 4. The whole system is tested, including the inspection well and the pipeline. The testing of the inspection well includes testing the leakage detection function and the anti-theft function of the well cover, as well as testing the power consumption of part of the hardware system of the inspection well, and analyzing whether its power consumption can meet at least one heating period. Finally, the communication between the hardware part of the inspection well and the software part of the host computer is tested. The testing of pipeline leakage detection includes the functions of signal acquisition and transmission to the upper computer and whether the upper computer software can store, read, process and locate the data normally. Moreover, the system has been applied in the heating company of Daqing Oilfield Mining area Service Division.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU995.3;TP274

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本文編號(hào)：2197840