【摘要】：隨著天主教傳入北京，帶來(lái)了一種新的宗教建筑類型——天主教堂建筑。北京的近代建筑中，天主教堂建筑是出現(xiàn)較早的西方建筑類型。教堂建筑傳入北京的過程，不可避免地受到了社會(huì)歷史背景、民族文化、地理位置等各方面的影響，由此產(chǎn)生不同程度的異化，從而發(fā)展成帶有中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑特色的教堂建筑，這是西方建筑文化與中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑文化相互碰撞、融合的結(jié)果。 本文研究的重點(diǎn)為北京四大天主教堂建筑，從天主教傳入北京入手，概括分析天主教堂建筑的興建、建筑群體布局及單體建筑的基本特點(diǎn)。以北京四大天主教堂即宣武門天主堂、王府井天主堂、西什庫(kù)天主堂、西直門天主堂為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)其歷史沿革、平面布局、建筑形式、內(nèi)部空間、裝飾風(fēng)格、建造材料及附屬建筑等各個(gè)方面展開研究。通過分析天主教堂建筑傳入北京后的發(fā)展歷程，總結(jié)出北京天主教堂建筑的特點(diǎn)，在吸收了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑元素后自身建筑形式發(fā)生的轉(zhuǎn)變，以及對(duì)北京近代建筑所產(chǎn)生的影響。通過研究北京最有歷史價(jià)值的四座天主教堂建筑，，審視西方宗教建筑在北京的發(fā)展演變，了解教堂建筑從最初的注重本土化逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向西方建筑仿造的全過程，總結(jié)出天主教堂建筑形式發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)及其在中西文化交流方面所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。 北京的天主教堂建筑作為西方宗教的象征，它們不僅僅是舉行宗教活動(dòng)的場(chǎng)所，而且承載著厚重的歷史，是中西文化交流見證的場(chǎng)所。這些教堂又作為一座座建筑藝術(shù)博物館，它們的存在有著很高的歷史價(jià)值和藝術(shù)價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the introduction of Catholicism into Beijing, a new type of religious architecture-the Catholic Church building. In the modern architecture of Beijing, the Catholic Church was an early type of western architecture. The process of the introduction of church architecture into Beijing was inevitably influenced by the social and historical background, national culture, geographical location, and so on, resulting in different degrees of alienation, thus developing into a church building with Chinese traditional architectural characteristics. This is the result of the collision and integration of western architectural culture and Chinese traditional architectural culture. This paper focuses on the four major Catholic Church buildings in Beijing. Starting with the introduction of Catholicism to Beijing, this paper generalizes and analyzes the construction of the Catholic Church buildings, the layout of the building groups and the basic characteristics of the individual buildings. Taking the four major Catholic churches in Beijing, namely Xuanwu Men Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Hall, Xishku Catholic Hall and Xizhimen Catholic Church, as research objects, the historical evolution, plane layout, architectural form, interior space and decoration style of the cathedral are studied. Construction materials and ancillary buildings and other aspects of research. Based on the analysis of the development of the Catholic Church architecture after it was introduced into Beijing, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the Catholic Church architecture in Beijing, the transformation of its own architectural form after absorbing the elements of Chinese traditional architecture, and its influence on the modern architecture in Beijing. By studying the four most historic Catholic Church buildings in Beijing, and examining the development and evolution of western religious buildings in Beijing, we can understand the whole process of the gradual transition of church architecture from the initial emphasis on localization to the imitation of western architecture. This paper summarizes the characteristics of the development of the Catholic Church's architectural form and its contribution to the cultural exchange between China and the West. As a symbol of western religion, the Catholic Church buildings in Beijing are not only places for religious activities, but also a place for cultural exchanges between China and the West, bearing a heavy history. These churches as architectural art museums, their existence has a high historical and artistic value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU252

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本文編號(hào)：2196304