【摘要】：隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，游憩活動(dòng)作為城市生活中最普遍的休閑方式，正日益成為保持城市能量平衡，推動(dòng)城市發(fā)展的有效手段。城市公園是城市開(kāi)放空間中游憩活動(dòng)較為集聚、空間類(lèi)型多樣的綠地形式，它在滿足城市居民日常健身、娛樂(lè)和交流等游憩活動(dòng)方面具有不可替代的作用，成為城市居民閑暇放松、恢復(fù)體力和進(jìn)行日常游憩活動(dòng)的首選場(chǎng)所。然而，要想建設(shè)出科學(xué)實(shí)用的城市公園，必須首先從游憩者活動(dòng)類(lèi)型和行為心理角度出發(fā)，研究城市公園不同游憩行為與其相應(yīng)活動(dòng)空間的關(guān)系，并在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)出與每種游憩活動(dòng)相適宜的游憩空間的特征，方可獲得滿足市民游憩活動(dòng)需求的游憩空間的營(yíng)造方法。目前，有關(guān)該方面的研究鮮見(jiàn)報(bào)道，因此，從公園利用者行為心理角度出發(fā)，研究城市公園游憩活動(dòng)與其空間的關(guān)系，對(duì)科學(xué)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)和建造公園空間，提高公園利用率，解決當(dāng)前公園建設(shè)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的諸多問(wèn)題具有重要意義。 本文對(duì)城市公園游憩活動(dòng)與其空間關(guān)系進(jìn)行如下研究： 1、開(kāi)展對(duì)山東省泰安市典型綜合性公園游憩活動(dòng)的現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查和分析。選取泰安市主城區(qū)重要的三個(gè)城市公園為研究對(duì)象，通過(guò)對(duì)游人進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、實(shí)地考察及深度訪談等方式，分析了游客的基本屬性、公園游憩空間利用特征及游人對(duì)城市公園空間的滿意度等方面，從游客對(duì)公園游憩活動(dòng)空間心理需求的角度，，有針對(duì)性的對(duì)泰安市主要城市公園的游憩活動(dòng)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行探討和分析，為科學(xué)進(jìn)行城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)與建造提供了理論參考和指導(dǎo)性意見(jiàn) 2、以城市公園游憩活動(dòng)空間構(gòu)成要素為研究對(duì)象，將游客游憩活動(dòng)分為健身、娛樂(lè)和交流活動(dòng)三種類(lèi)型，從游客行為心理傾向角度選取指標(biāo)要素，采用AHP層次分析法的“目標(biāo)—指標(biāo)層次結(jié)構(gòu)”建立城市公園游憩活動(dòng)空間評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。本文在前期大量文獻(xiàn)研究和對(duì)公園游憩活動(dòng)現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)每種游憩活動(dòng)類(lèi)型所需要的空間場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的觀察和記錄，在探明每種游憩活動(dòng)類(lèi)型對(duì)其相應(yīng)空間功能需求的基礎(chǔ)上，歸納總結(jié)出游憩空間重要評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。為確保指標(biāo)的權(quán)威性、科學(xué)性和可操作性，經(jīng)過(guò)兩次專(zhuān)家意見(jiàn)征詢(xún)和詳細(xì)論證，最后確定并建立影響游憩活動(dòng)的空間構(gòu)成要素指標(biāo)體系，為定量化比較和分析空間構(gòu)成要素奠定基礎(chǔ)。 3、運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代決策分析方法（AHP層次分析法）研究公園游憩空間構(gòu)成要素之間的相互關(guān)系，獲得公園游憩空間構(gòu)成要素的權(quán)重及其重要性排序。權(quán)重計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示： 公園健身空間構(gòu)成要素中一級(jí)指標(biāo)影響力權(quán)重及其排序?yàn)椋鹤匀灰兀?.6842）＞人工要素（0.3158），隸屬自然要素的4項(xiàng)二級(jí)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重及其排序?yàn)椋旱匦纹教梗?.3653）＞植物豐富（0.2263）＞綠化優(yōu)美（0.0574）＞地形起伏（0.0352）；隸屬人工要素的7項(xiàng)二級(jí)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重及排序?yàn)椋哼m宜場(chǎng)地（0.1073）＞健身器械（0.0744）＞人文景觀（0.0514）＞園路暢通（0.0361）＞遮蔭設(shè)施（0.0231）＞座椅坐凳（0.0161）＞照明設(shè)施（0.0074）。 公園娛樂(lè)空間構(gòu)成要素中一級(jí)指標(biāo)影響力權(quán)重及其排序?yàn)椋喝斯ひ兀?.5968）＞自然要素（0.4032）；隸屬自然要素的4項(xiàng)二級(jí)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重及其排序?yàn)椋浩鸱降兀?.1868）＞景色優(yōu)美（0.1127）＞適宜水域（0.0633）＞植被豐富（0.0404）；隸屬人工要素的7項(xiàng)二級(jí)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重及排序?yàn)椋盒蓍e廣場(chǎng)（0.2346）＞游樂(lè)設(shè)施（0.1420）＞場(chǎng)地平整（0.0851）＞遮蔽設(shè)施（0.0568）＞園路合理（0.0354）＞動(dòng)態(tài)水景（0.0250）＞趣味小品（0.0180）。 公園交流空間構(gòu)成要素中一級(jí)指標(biāo)影響力權(quán)重及其排序?yàn)椋喝斯ひ兀?.6614）＞自然要素（0.3386），隸屬自然要素的5項(xiàng)二級(jí)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重及其排序?yàn)椋核矫芸臻g（0.1538）＞遮蔭喬木（0.0955）＞緩坡土丘（0.0474）＞水景優(yōu)美（0.0270）＞陽(yáng)光草坪（0.0149）；隸屬人工要素的6項(xiàng)二級(jí)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重及排序?yàn)椋簣?chǎng)所邊界（0.2865）＞休憩桌椅（0.1843）＞停憩場(chǎng)所（0.0795）＞適宜廣場(chǎng)（0.0533）＞林蔭夾道（0.0352）＞景觀小品（0.0227）。 4、以城市公園游憩活動(dòng)空間評(píng)價(jià)體系為框架，結(jié)合公園實(shí)地觀察和游客訪談，配合大量具體例證分析，分別對(duì)健身、娛樂(lè)、交流三種公園游憩空間的營(yíng)建手法進(jìn)行總結(jié)和梳理。研究從城市公園游憩活動(dòng)與相應(yīng)空間構(gòu)成要素關(guān)系的角度，針對(duì)適宜不同類(lèi)型游憩活動(dòng)的空間要素指標(biāo)做出系統(tǒng)的探討和分析，并對(duì)游客公園游憩活動(dòng)的方式、時(shí)間、特點(diǎn)與活動(dòng)空間的位置、空間的類(lèi)型以及空間的特征方面進(jìn)行了有針對(duì)性的研究，獲得與每種游憩活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目相適宜的游憩空間的特征，提出滿足市民游憩活動(dòng)需求的游憩空間的營(yíng)造方法。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, recreational activities, as the most common leisure mode in urban life, are increasingly becoming an effective means to maintain urban energy balance and promote urban development.Urban parks are the green forms with more concentrated recreational activities and diversified spatial types in urban open space, which meet the daily fitness, entertainment and transportation needs of urban residents. Recreational activities such as flow play an irreplaceable role and become the preferred place for urban residents to relax, restore physical strength and carry out daily recreational activities. Based on the relationship between the activity space and the characteristics of each kind of recreational space, the construction method of the recreational space can be obtained to meet the needs of the public. The relationship between activities and their space is of great significance to the scientific planning, design and construction of Park space, to improve the utilization rate of park, and to solve many problems in the process of Park construction.
This paper studies the relationship between recreational activities in urban parks and their spatial relations.
1. To investigate and analyze the status quo of recreational activities of typical comprehensive parks in Tai'an City, Shandong Province. Three important urban parks in Tai'an City were selected as the research objects. Through questionnaire survey, field investigation and in-depth interviews, the basic attributes of tourists, the characteristics of Park recreational space utilization and visitors were analyzed. From the angle of tourists'psychological demand for park recreational space, this paper discusses and analyzes the present situation of recreational activities of main urban parks in Tai'an City, providing theoretical reference and guidance for scientific planning, design and construction of urban parks.
2. Taking the elements of recreational space in urban parks as the research object, this paper divides the recreational activities of tourists into three types: fitness, entertainment and communication. The index elements are selected from the angle of tourists'behavioral and psychological inclination, and the evaluation index system of recreational space in urban parks is established by using the "target-index hierarchy structure" of AHP. On the basis of a large amount of literature research and investigation on the status quo of Park recreational activities, this paper makes a thorough and meticulous observation and record on the space places needed by each type of recreational activities, and summarizes the important evaluation indexes of recreational space on the basis of ascertaining the corresponding space function requirements of each type of recreational activities. The authoritativeness, scientificity and maneuverability of the index are guaranteed. After two expert consultation and detailed argumentation, the index system of spatial elements affecting recreational activities is determined and established, which lays a foundation for quantitative comparison and analysis of spatial elements.
3. Using modern decision analysis method (AHP) to study the relationship between the elements of Park recreational space, the weight and importance of the elements of Park recreational space were obtained.
The weights of the first-class indexes and their ranking are natural factors (0.6842)>artificial factors (0.3158). The weights and ranking of the four second-class indexes belonging to natural factors are flat terrain (0.3653)>rich plants (0.2263)>beautiful greening (0.0574)>undulating terrain (0.0352). The weights and ranking of the seven secondary indexes were: suitable site (0.1073) > fitness equipment (0.0744) > humanistic landscape (0.0514) > Open Garden Road (0.0361) > shading facilities (0.0231) > seat (0.0161) > lighting facilities (0.0074).
The weights and rankings of the first-class indexes in the elements of Park recreational space are as follows: artificial factors (0.5968) > natural factors (0.4032); the weights and rankings of the four secondary indexes belonging to natural factors are: undulating mountain (0.1868) > beautiful scenery (0.1127) > suitable waters (0.0633) > abundant vegetation (0.0404); and artificial factors. The weights and rankings of the seven secondary indexes were as follows: leisure Plaza (0.2346) > recreational facilities (0.1420) > site leveling (0.0851) > shelter facilities (0.0568) > reasonable Garden Road (0.0354) > dynamic water scenery (0.0250) > interesting sketches (0.0180).
The weights of the first-class indexes and their ranking were as follows: artificial factors (0.6614) > natural factors (0.3386). The weights and ranking of the five second-class indexes were as follows: private space (0.1538) > shading trees (0.0955) > gentle slope mound (0.0474) > Beautiful waterscape (0.0270) > sunshine lawn (0.0149). The weights and rankings of the six secondary indexes subordinate to the artificial factors were as follows: site boundary (0.2865) > rest table and chair (0.1843) > rest place (0.0795) > suitable square (0.0533) > tree-lined sandwich (0.0352) > landscape sketch (0.0227).
4. Based on the evaluation system of recreational space in urban parks, combined with field observation and visitor interviews, combined with a large number of concrete case studies, this paper summarizes and combs the construction methods of three kinds of Park recreational space: fitness, entertainment and communication. This paper makes a systematic discussion and Analysis on the spatial elements suitable for different types of recreational activities, and makes a pertinent study on the mode, time, characteristics, location, types and characteristics of the recreational activities in tourist parks, so as to obtain the characteristics of the recreational spaces suitable for each recreational activity. To create a recreation space to meet the needs of recreational activities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU986.5

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