【摘要】：變電站是電能供應(yīng)鏈條中非常重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，對(duì)電力企業(yè)來(lái)講，變電站節(jié)能具有十分重要的意義。在2008中國(guó)國(guó)際供電會(huì)議上，提出 綠色環(huán)保型的電網(wǎng)將成為今后電網(wǎng)建設(shè)的主要發(fā)展方向‖。目前，國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司提出系統(tǒng)內(nèi)建設(shè) 資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型、工業(yè)化‖，即 兩型一化‖變電站的要求。 變電站建筑能耗具有特殊性，主要是由輸配電站區(qū)工藝總體要求及電氣設(shè)備對(duì)房間熱環(huán)境的嚴(yán)格要求所決定的。冷橋節(jié)點(diǎn)多，是造成嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)變電站冬季采暖能耗較一般民用建筑大的主要原因；電氣設(shè)備散熱量大，，是使變電站夏季產(chǎn)生空調(diào)能耗的直接原由。因此，通過(guò)節(jié)能手段降低嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)變電站采暖季能耗、消除夏季空調(diào)能耗，是嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)變電站節(jié)能研究與設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵所在。然而，當(dāng)下變電站建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)，由于缺少此類建筑的節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范，基本都是從定性的角度提出節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)策略，缺少科學(xué)性，易造成事倍功半的結(jié)果。計(jì)算機(jī)模擬具有直觀性、準(zhǔn)確性、便捷性等優(yōu)勢(shì)，以此為手段對(duì)嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)變電站建筑進(jìn)行節(jié)能模擬研究，具有節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)直觀化、客觀化、精準(zhǔn)化等意義。 本文按照問(wèn)題的提出、問(wèn)題的解析、問(wèn)題的解決三個(gè)步驟展開(kāi)。首先，從建筑節(jié)能的角度，對(duì)嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)變電站進(jìn)行了調(diào)研與節(jié)能測(cè)試，通過(guò)所得的數(shù)據(jù)，分析影響嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)變電站能耗的主要影響因素，總結(jié)嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)變電站的基本能耗特征，確定建筑形體與體形系數(shù)、建筑窗墻比、建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱系數(shù)、太陽(yáng)輻射熱等因子為嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)變電站的主要能耗影響因子，為后文明確研究方向與內(nèi)容。接著，運(yùn)用能耗模擬軟件DeST-c，分別針對(duì)在調(diào)研中總結(jié)的建筑能耗影響因子進(jìn)行敏感性模擬研究實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)分別得出建筑形體、建筑外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)、建筑窗墻比、通風(fēng)換氣次數(shù)、太陽(yáng)輻射強(qiáng)度對(duì)建筑能耗的影響關(guān)系；在此基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)能耗變化規(guī)律總結(jié)出對(duì)建筑能耗起明顯作用的各影響因子取值或者影響規(guī)律，作為指導(dǎo)典型變電站建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)整的參考依據(jù)。最后，將抽象的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)論與依托工程節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)模擬方法在嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)變電站節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Substation is a very important link in power supply chain. At the 2008 China International Power supply Conference, it was proposed that the green and environment-friendly power grid would be the main development direction of power grid construction in the future. At present, the State Grid Company has put forward the requirements of the construction of resource-saving, environment-friendly and industrialized substation in the system. Substation building energy consumption is special, mainly determined by the overall requirements of transmission and distribution station technology and the strict requirements of electrical equipment to the room thermal environment. The large number of cold bridge nodes is the main reason that the substation heating energy consumption in winter is larger than that of the ordinary civil buildings in the cold area, and the large heat loss of electrical equipment is the direct reason for generating air-conditioning energy consumption in the substation in summer. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of substation heating season and eliminating the energy consumption of air conditioning in summer is the key to the research and design of substation energy conservation in severe cold area. However, the current substation building energy-saving design, because of the lack of such building energy-saving design specifications, basically from a qualitative point of view to put forward energy-saving design strategy, lack of scientific, easy to result in half the result. Computer simulation has the advantages of intuitionism, accuracy, convenience and so on. The research on energy-saving simulation of substation buildings in severe cold area has the significance of visualizing, objectifying and precision of energy-saving design. In this paper, according to the proposed problem, the analysis of the problem, the solution of the problem three steps. First of all, from the point of view of building energy saving, the substation in cold area is investigated and tested. Through the data obtained, the main influencing factors of substation energy consumption in cold area are analyzed, and the basic energy consumption characteristics of substation in cold area are summarized. The factors such as the coefficient of building shape and shape, the ratio of building window to wall, the heat transfer coefficient of building envelope structure and the heat of solar radiation are the main energy consumption influencing factors of substation in severe cold area, which is the research direction and content in the following paper. Then, using the energy consumption simulation software DeST-c, the sensitivity simulation experiments are carried out for the building energy consumption impact factors summarized in the research. The effects of building shape, building envelope structure, window wall ratio, ventilation times and solar radiation intensity on building energy consumption are obtained. On this basis, through the rule of energy consumption change, the paper summarizes the value or law of influence factors that play a significant role in building energy consumption, which is the reference basis for guiding the adjustment of building energy saving design in typical substations. Finally, the abstract experimental data and conclusions are combined with the energy saving design of engineering to realize the application of computer simulation method in substation energy saving design in severe cold area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU271.1;TU201.5

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