【摘要】：液壓挖掘機(jī)是工程機(jī)械的重要品種之一，是土石方開挖的主要機(jī)械設(shè)備。目前我國建筑、鐵路公路、農(nóng)田水利、采礦、軍事等各方面都需要大量的挖掘機(jī)械的投入使用，以減輕工人勞動強(qiáng)度、加快工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)速度；同時(shí)這也刺激了挖掘機(jī)市場火爆增長，每年增幅均有15%~30%，2011全年各類挖掘機(jī)械銷售超過17萬臺。然而國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)廠家的產(chǎn)品在工程實(shí)踐中總會出現(xiàn)焊縫開裂、銷軸斷裂、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)不合理出現(xiàn)干涉等問題，嚴(yán)重影響了產(chǎn)品的市場競爭力。 液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作裝置是直接用來進(jìn)行挖掘作業(yè)的施工工具，是其實(shí)現(xiàn)各項(xiàng)功能的重要組成部分；反鏟工作裝置是液壓挖掘機(jī)中一種主要工作裝置形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)計(jì)直接影響到液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作性能。本文以某型號的反鏟液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置為研究對象，，運(yùn)用虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)和有限元分析等方法對其進(jìn)行了建模、仿真分析、有限元分析、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)等研究，其主要工作包括以下幾個方面： ⑴分析了液壓挖掘機(jī)的組成和工作原理，利用Solidworks建立了液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的三維模型。 ⑵將三維模型導(dǎo)入ADAMS中建立了工作裝置的虛擬樣機(jī)模型，對其進(jìn)行了運(yùn)動學(xué)仿真和動力學(xué)仿真，驗(yàn)證了其機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性，得到了工作裝置運(yùn)動包絡(luò)圖和各鉸點(diǎn)力變化曲線圖。 ⑶結(jié)合ADAMS中得到的各鉸點(diǎn)力變化曲線圖，利用Hypermesh與ANSYS對工作裝置中的動臂進(jìn)行了靜強(qiáng)度分析，得到了其在典型工況下的應(yīng)力、位移分布情況及規(guī)律。 ⑷建立工作裝置動臂的參數(shù)化有限元模型，利用ANSYS結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化模塊對動臂進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化分析，實(shí)現(xiàn)了動臂結(jié)構(gòu)減重的目標(biāo)。 本文使用了Solidworks、ADAMS、Hypermesh和ANSYS這四個工程類軟件，實(shí)現(xiàn)了挖掘機(jī)工作裝置從建模到運(yùn)動學(xué)分析、動力學(xué)分析、結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度分析及最后的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的全過程；本文的研究成果將為液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與分析提供一定的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator is one of the important varieties of engineering machinery and the main mechanical equipment for excavation of earth and stone. At present, a large number of excavating machinery are needed in all aspects of construction, railway, highway, farmland, water conservancy, mining and military, in order to reduce the labor intensity of workers and speed up the construction of engineering projects; at the same time, it also stimulates the excavator. The rapid growth of the market has increased by 15%~30% every year. There are more than 170 thousand types of mining machinery sales in 2011. However, there are always weld cracks, fracture of pin shaft and unreasonable structure design, which seriously affect the market competitiveness of products.
The working device of the hydraulic excavator is a construction tool which is directly used to carry out the excavation work. It is an important part of its functions. The backhoe work device is a main working device in the hydraulic excavator. Its structure and design directly affect the working performance of the hydraulic excavator. This paper is based on a type of backhoe hydraulic excavator. The working device of driving machine is the research object. The research of modeling, simulation analysis, finite element analysis and optimization design is carried out by using virtual prototyping technology and finite element analysis method. The main work includes the following aspects:
_Thecomposition and working principle of hydraulic excavator are analyzed, and the three-dimensional model of working device of hydraulic excavator is established by using Solidworks.
(2) the virtual prototype model of the working device was established by introducing the 3D model into the ADAMS. The kinematics simulation and dynamic simulation were carried out to verify the rationality of its mechanism design, and the motion envelope of the working device and the change curve of each point force were obtained.
(3) the static strength analysis of the moving arm in the working device is carried out by using Hypermesh and ANSYS, and the distribution and regularity of the stress, displacement and displacement in the typical working conditions are obtained by combining the curves of each hinge force variation obtained in ADAMS.
The parameterized finite element model of the working arm of the working device is established. The structure optimization of the ANSYS structure is used to optimize the structure of the arm, and the target of the weight reduction of the movable arm is realized.
In this paper, four engineering software such as Solidworks, ADAMS, Hypermesh and ANSYS have been used to realize the whole process of excavator working device from modeling to kinematic analysis, dynamic analysis, structural strength analysis and final structural optimization. The research results of this paper will provide some reference for the design and analysis of the working device of hydraulic excavator. Basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU621

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