【摘要】：采暖空調(diào)能耗占建筑能耗的一半以上，故提高空調(diào)系統(tǒng)能效、開發(fā)高效的冷熱源設(shè)備是實現(xiàn)建筑節(jié)能的重要途徑。蒸發(fā)式冷卻（簡稱：蒸發(fā)冷）被認為是一種高效冷卻方式，且具有節(jié)能節(jié)材、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊等優(yōu)點，在空調(diào)用制冷設(shè)備中具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。因此，研究其傳熱傳質(zhì)特性，優(yōu)化其參數(shù)與結(jié)構(gòu)，對于發(fā)展蒸發(fā)冷換熱器技術(shù)具有理論意義和工程實用價值。 蒸發(fā)冷換熱器因其管內(nèi)流體種類、結(jié)構(gòu)形式和三元換熱介質(zhì)流向不同而具有多種類型，其傳熱傳質(zhì)現(xiàn)象復(fù)雜，故目前主要是針對具體結(jié)構(gòu)的蒸發(fā)冷換熱器進行實驗研究、數(shù)值模擬和產(chǎn)品開發(fā)，尚缺少通用的蒸發(fā)冷數(shù)學(xué)模型對不同類型的蒸發(fā)冷進行模擬分析和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，且對應(yīng)用逐漸增多的管翅式蒸發(fā)冷換熱器的研究也非常缺乏。為解決上述問題，本文展開了以下研究工作： （1）搭建了管翅式蒸發(fā)冷換熱器實驗臺，研究空氣與被冷卻介質(zhì)進口參數(shù)對管翅式風(fēng)冷換熱器和蒸發(fā)冷換熱器性能的影響規(guī)律，并根據(jù)實驗數(shù)據(jù)擬合出管翅式蒸發(fā)冷換熱器傳質(zhì)系數(shù)關(guān)聯(lián)式； （2）提出了基于空間掃描思想的復(fù)雜蒸發(fā)冷卻式換熱器的通用模擬方法，該方法將蒸發(fā)冷換熱器按空間劃分為若干個節(jié)點，每個節(jié)點視為獨立的微型換熱器，利用流體在節(jié)點之間的流動建立節(jié)點聯(lián)系，根據(jù)節(jié)點間的能量和質(zhì)量守恒關(guān)系構(gòu)建迭代算法，通過掃描迭代方法對模型進行求解。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過文獻和實驗數(shù)據(jù)對管式、填料式和管翅式蒸發(fā)冷換熱器計算結(jié)果進行驗證，結(jié)果表明，所建數(shù)學(xué)模型對各類蒸發(fā)冷換熱器具有良好的通用性； （3）利用所建立的通用模型分析蒸發(fā)式冷卻器的分布參數(shù)特征以及流體進口狀態(tài)參數(shù)對換熱效果的影響，并對管翅式、光管式和填料式蒸發(fā)冷換熱器進行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化及能耗分析，為各類蒸發(fā)冷換熱器的性能改善指明了改進方向。 （4）建立管翅式房間空調(diào)器的機組數(shù)學(xué)模型，分析比較風(fēng)冷式冷凝器噴水與不噴水時的變工況特性，，結(jié)果表明，在風(fēng)冷式冷凝器上噴水，空調(diào)器的制冷季總能耗可降低20%~26%；根據(jù)廠家提供的機組性能實驗數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建機組性能模型，研究風(fēng)冷、水冷、蒸發(fā)冷三類冷水機組在不同地區(qū)整個制冷季的綜合運行性能，蒸發(fā)冷冷水機組的節(jié)能能效比SEER比風(fēng)冷式機組提高了13%~30%，比水冷機組提高2%~11%。該工作對蒸發(fā)冷制冷機組的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計選型具有參考價值。
[Abstract]:Heating and air conditioning energy consumption accounts for more than half of the building energy consumption, so improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning system and developing efficient cold and heat source equipment is an important way to achieve building energy saving. Evaporative cooling (evaporative cooling) is considered to be an efficient cooling method with the advantages of energy saving and compact structure. It has a good application prospect in refrigeration equipment for air conditioning. Therefore, it is of theoretical significance and practical value to study the heat and mass transfer characteristics and optimize its parameters and structure for the development of evaporative cooling heat exchanger technology. There are many kinds of heat and mass transfer phenomena in evaporative cooling heat exchangers due to their different types of fluid, structure form and flow direction of ternary heat transfer medium, so the experimental research on evaporative cooling heat exchangers with specific structures is mainly carried out at present. Numerical simulation and product development lack of a general mathematical model of evaporative cooling to simulate and optimize the structure of different types of evaporative cooling and lack of research on the increasing application of tubular fin evaporative cooling heat exchangers. In order to solve the above problems, the following research work has been carried out in this paper: (1) the experimental bench of tubular fin evaporative cooling heat exchanger has been built. The influence of inlet parameters of air and cooled medium on the performance of tube-fin air-cooled heat exchangers and evaporative cooling heat exchangers was studied, and the correlation formula of mass transfer coefficient of tube-fin evaporative cooling heat exchangers was fitted according to the experimental data. (2) A general simulation method of complex evaporative cooling heat exchanger based on spatial scanning is proposed. The method divides evaporative cooling heat exchanger into several nodes according to space, and each node is regarded as an independent miniature heat exchanger. Based on the energy and mass conservation relations between nodes, an iterative algorithm is constructed based on the flow of fluid between nodes, and the model is solved by scanning iterative method. On this basis, the calculation results of tubular, packing and tubular fin evaporative cooling heat exchangers are verified by literature and experimental data. The results show that the mathematical model has good generality for all kinds of evaporative cooling heat exchangers. (3) the distribution parameter characteristics of evaporative cooler and the influence of fluid inlet state parameters on heat transfer efficiency are analyzed by using the established general model. The structure optimization and energy consumption analysis of light tube and packing evaporative cooling heat exchangers are carried out, which points out the improvement direction for the performance improvement of various evaporative cooling heat exchangers. (4) the mathematical model of tube-fin room air conditioners is established. The results show that the total energy consumption of air conditioner during cooling season can be reduced by 20% and 26% when the air-cooled condenser sprays water and does not spray water, the results show that the total energy consumption of the air conditioner can be reduced by 20% and 26% during the season when the air-cooled condenser sprays water on the air-cooled condenser. According to the experimental data of unit performance provided by the manufacturer, the performance model of the unit is constructed, and the comprehensive operation performance of three kinds of chillers, air-cooled, water-cooled and evaporative cooling, in the whole refrigeration season in different regions is studied. The energy efficiency of evaporative cooling chillers is 13 / 30 higher than that of air cooled units, and 2 / 11 higher than that of water cooled water chillers. This work has reference value for the product development of evaporative cooling unit and the design and selection of air conditioning system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU83

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