【摘要】：目前,世界范圍內(nèi)的節(jié)能運(yùn)動(dòng)正在轟轟烈烈地開展著,作為能源消耗大戶的工程機(jī)械領(lǐng)域也就如何更節(jié)能、更環(huán)保而展開各項(xiàng)研究。液壓挖掘機(jī)作為應(yīng)用最廣的工程機(jī)械之一,在諸多領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。如何提高液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作效率、降低能源消耗,已經(jīng)成為許多科研人員研究的課題。本文以某廠20T挖掘機(jī)為研究對象,提出一套能量吸收及釋放電液系統(tǒng),并通過仿真及實(shí)驗(yàn)展開研究。具體內(nèi)容如下： 第一章,在查閱國內(nèi)外有關(guān)挖掘機(jī)能量回收及釋放研究文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,論述了國內(nèi)挖掘機(jī)生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用的概況,引出了挖掘機(jī)能量回收及釋放電液系統(tǒng)的研究意義,介紹了幾種混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的形式,并論述了國內(nèi)外混合動(dòng)力挖掘機(jī)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀和趨勢。提出了本課題的研究內(nèi)容及論文的研究工作。 第二章,以某廠20T挖掘機(jī)為研究對象,分析該挖掘機(jī)典型工作循環(huán)的工作流程,確定能量回收的主要來源。建立測試系統(tǒng),對該挖掘機(jī)在典型工作循環(huán)中的動(dòng)臂油缸兩腔及回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)兩腔壓力進(jìn)行實(shí)測分析,確定該挖掘機(jī)在典型工況時(shí)的壓力及工作時(shí)間。根據(jù)實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算動(dòng)臂油缸下降及回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)制動(dòng)時(shí)可回收油液體積,并根據(jù)原有挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)提出能量回收及釋放電液系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)并闡述工作原理。 第三章,對挖掘機(jī)能量回收及釋放系統(tǒng)的主要元件蓄能器及液壓馬達(dá)進(jìn)行了簡單的介紹,并對蓄能器和液壓馬達(dá)進(jìn)行參數(shù)匹配,并闡述了在實(shí)際樣機(jī)中蓄能器、液壓馬達(dá)以及閥塊的安裝方式。 第四章,對挖掘機(jī)動(dòng)力下降能量回收系統(tǒng)、回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)能量回收系統(tǒng)以及能量釋放系統(tǒng)建立數(shù)學(xué)模型,并根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)模型對三個(gè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析。對整個(gè)挖掘機(jī)能量回收及釋放電液系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行建模和仿真。首先介紹了應(yīng)用的仿真軟件和仿真方式。應(yīng)用ADAMS建立挖掘機(jī)整車機(jī)構(gòu)三維模型,并將模型導(dǎo)入應(yīng)用AMESim所建的液壓系統(tǒng)模型中。應(yīng)用兩款軟件的聯(lián)合仿真,對傳統(tǒng)挖掘機(jī)的動(dòng)臂下降及回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)進(jìn)行了仿真分析,并著重對加入動(dòng)臂下降能量回收系統(tǒng)及回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)能量回收系統(tǒng)的挖掘機(jī)模型進(jìn)行仿真,分析了不同參數(shù)對能量回收及釋放效果的影響,并對系統(tǒng)方案及元件的選型進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化分析。 第五章,簡單地描述了挖掘機(jī)能量回收及釋放電液系統(tǒng)的控制策略,并對控制器進(jìn)行選型。 第六章,提出針對能量回收及釋放電液系統(tǒng)的性能試驗(yàn)方案,對比傳統(tǒng)挖掘機(jī),計(jì)算安裝能量回收及釋放系統(tǒng)后的挖掘機(jī)的節(jié)能效果,并分析了試驗(yàn)與仿真之間存在偏差的原因。 第七章,總結(jié)本文的主要工作,闡述研究結(jié)論,并對今后的研究工作做出了展望。
[Abstract]:At present, the worldwide energy conservation movement is being carried out vigorously, as a large consumer of energy consumption of construction machinery field on how to save energy, more environmental protection and launched various studies. As one of the most widely used construction machinery, hydraulic excavator is widely used in many fields. How to improve the working efficiency of hydraulic excavators and reduce energy consumption has become a research topic for many researchers. In this paper, the 20T excavator in a factory is taken as the research object, a set of energy absorption and release electro-hydraulic system is put forward, and the research is carried out through simulation and experiment. The specific contents are as follows: chapter 1, based on the reference to the domestic and foreign literatures on excavator energy recovery and release, the general situation of domestic excavator production and application is discussed. The research significance of energy recovery and electro-hydraulic release system of excavator is introduced. Several types of hybrid power system are introduced, and the present situation and trend of development of hybrid excavator at home and abroad are discussed. The research content of this subject and the research work of the thesis are put forward. In the second chapter, taking the 20T excavator in a factory as the research object, the working flow of the typical working cycle of the excavator is analyzed, and the main source of energy recovery is determined. A test system is established to measure and analyze the pressure of the excavator in the typical working cycle. The pressure and working time of the excavator under typical working conditions are determined by measuring and analyzing the pressure of the two cavities of the cylinder and the rotary motor in the typical working cycle. According to the measured data, the oil volume can be recovered when the cylinder drops and the rotary motor is braking. According to the original hydraulic system of the excavator, the structure of the energy recovery and release electro-hydraulic system is put forward and the working principle is expounded. In the third chapter, the main components of energy recovery and release system of excavator, accumulator and hydraulic motor are simply introduced, and the parameters of accumulator and hydraulic motor are matched, and the accumulator is described in the actual prototype. Installation of hydraulic motors and valve blocks. In the fourth chapter, the mathematical models of the energy recovery system, the energy recovery system of rotary braking and the energy release system of excavator are established, and the three systems are analyzed according to the mathematical model. The model and simulation of the whole excavator energy recovery and release system are carried out. First of all, the application of simulation software and simulation methods are introduced. The 3D model of excavator mechanism is established by using ADAMS, and the model is imported into the hydraulic system model built by AMESim. The joint simulation of two kinds of software is used to simulate and analyze the falling arm and rotary brake of the traditional excavator, and the model of the excavator with the drop energy recovery system and the energy recovery system of the rotary brake is simulated. The effects of different parameters on energy recovery and release are analyzed, and the system scheme and the selection of components are optimized. In the fifth chapter, the control strategy of the excavator energy recovery and release system is described, and the controller is selected. In the sixth chapter, the performance test scheme of energy recovery and release system is put forward. Compared with the traditional excavator, the energy saving effect of the excavator after installing the energy recovery and releasing system is calculated. The reason of the deviation between experiment and simulation is analyzed. Chapter seven summarizes the main work of this paper, expounds the research conclusions, and makes a prospect for the future research work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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本文編號(hào)：2166901