【摘要】：廁所通俗的說法是茅房，文雅一點稱之為“方便之地”，古往今來被人們談論。近百年來隨著現(xiàn)代文明的推進，廁所問題已被列入城市基礎建設與運營管理的重要課題，是衡量城市基礎設施水平的尺度之一，是反映社會文明進步程度的重要標志，是樹立城市形象的重要窗口。合理規(guī)劃布局城市公共廁所、加快公廁建設步伐、全面提高公廁管理水平既是廣大市民和中外游客的強烈要求，又是建設北京現(xiàn)代化國際大都市的迫切需要。 為加快公共基礎設施建設，提高其建設和管理的標準和水平是目前北京亟待解決的一個重要課題。2010年作為民主黨派代表，我參與了北京城市系統(tǒng)工程研究中心公廁項目課題組，展開了大量的調(diào)研和理論研究，與此同時我還參加了天津大學高級工商管理(EMBA)的學習，通過研究和調(diào)研我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著市容改革力度的加大，北京市打破公益性事業(yè)由政府一家包辦的整體格局，引進競爭機制和多渠道融資的機制，使企業(yè)和社會共同參與公廁事業(yè)這一舉動十分必要。在公廁建設和管理方面，政府責任重大，為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造一個良好的投資發(fā)展環(huán)境，搭建一個能夠公平競爭的有關行政、法律、經(jīng)濟等政策平臺，是北京市公廁建設和管理重要課題。 在介紹廁所發(fā)展歷史的前提下，，本文首先，介紹了廁所的基本概念和特許經(jīng)營的基本理論。其次，回顧了北京廁所的歷史，分析了廁所建設和管理的現(xiàn)狀。再次，分析了北京廁所建設和管理中的問題，對部分地區(qū)采取特許經(jīng)營方式建設管理廁所進行了利弊分析。最后，論述了引入市場機制解決廁所問題的必要性和可行性，提出了北京廁所建設和管理具體的對策，并做出了結論。
[Abstract]:The popular term for toilets is thatched houses, a "convenient place" that has been talked about since ancient times. With the development of modern civilization in the past hundred years, toilet problem has been listed as an important subject in urban infrastructure construction and operation management. It is one of the yardsticks to measure the level of urban infrastructure and an important symbol to reflect the progress of social civilization. It is an important window to establish the image of the city. Rational layout of urban public toilets, speeding up the construction of public toilets and comprehensively improving the management level of public toilets are not only the strong requirements of the general public and Chinese and foreign tourists, but also the urgent needs of building Beijing's modern international metropolis. In order to speed up the construction of public infrastructure and improve the standard and level of its construction and management, it is an important issue to be solved urgently in Beijing. As a representative of the democratic parties in 2010, I participated in the public toilet project of the Beijing Urban system Engineering Research Center. A large number of research and theoretical studies have been carried out. At the same time, I have also participated in the study of senior business administration (EMBA) at Tianjin University. Through research and research, we found that with the intensification of the reform of the city's appearance, It is very necessary for Beijing to break the whole pattern of public welfare undertaking managed by the government, to introduce competition mechanism and multi-channel financing mechanism, and to make enterprises and society participate in the public toilet cause together. In the construction and management of public toilets, the government has a heavy responsibility to create a good investment and development environment for enterprises, and to build a platform for fair competition related administrative, legal, economic and other policies. It is an important subject for the construction and management of public toilets in Beijing. On the premise of introducing the history of toilet development, this paper first introduces the basic concept of toilet and the basic theory of franchise. Secondly, the history of Beijing toilet is reviewed, and the present situation of toilet construction and management is analyzed. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the problems in the construction and management of Beijing toilet, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of adopting the franchise management method in some areas. Finally, the necessity and feasibility of introducing market mechanism to solve toilet problems are discussed, and the concrete countermeasures of toilet construction and management in Beijing are put forward, and the conclusions are made.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU993

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