【摘要】：濕陷性黃土是一種特殊土，具有遇水產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)濕陷性的特點(diǎn)。這種土體作為基礎(chǔ)是非常不利于工程建筑物的，在常規(guī)工程建設(shè)中應(yīng)該盡量避免選用濕陷性黃土作為基礎(chǔ)。但是，我國(guó)許多地區(qū)天然地質(zhì)條件并不理想，黃土覆蓋層較厚、較廣，多數(shù)黃土為濕陷性黃土，這就為工程建設(shè)帶來(lái)了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。濕陷性黃土隧洞工程由于其特殊地質(zhì)條件限制，建設(shè)數(shù)量少，施工難度大，因此原有施工技術(shù)已不能完全應(yīng)用于濕陷性黃土隧洞工程，拓展與創(chuàng)新施工技術(shù)來(lái)改變濕陷性黃土隧洞施工難、易發(fā)生事故的情況正是我們需要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題。只有進(jìn)一步的研究與完善濕陷性黃土隧洞工程的施工技術(shù)，才能彌補(bǔ)濕陷性黃土隧洞研究成果少、施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)凌亂的問(wèn)題，補(bǔ)充濕陷性黃土隧洞工程的開(kāi)挖施工分析，了解濕陷性黃土隧洞的開(kāi)挖前應(yīng)力場(chǎng)與位移場(chǎng)分布，對(duì)其開(kāi)挖后及襯砌后應(yīng)力場(chǎng)與位移場(chǎng)分布與開(kāi)挖前進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究，以便于合理安排施工安全、施工質(zhì)量與施工進(jìn)度三個(gè)方面，為濕陷性黃土隧洞建設(shè)能夠具有安全性、快捷性帶來(lái)指導(dǎo)意義。 結(jié)合某引水隧洞工程實(shí)例，采用FLAC3D有限差分軟件建立了濕陷性黃土段隧洞的模型，分別對(duì)全斷面開(kāi)挖法、上下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖法、CD法、CRD法進(jìn)行了施工模擬。濕陷性黃土隧洞開(kāi)挖施工模擬主要內(nèi)容包括三個(gè)方面： （1）整理與總結(jié)濕陷性黃土的工程地質(zhì)特點(diǎn)與濕陷性黃土隧洞開(kāi)挖施工的要求。根據(jù)引水工程濕陷性黃土段隧洞的地質(zhì)條件、斷面大小，進(jìn)行了計(jì)算網(wǎng)格劃分。然后，對(duì)隧洞開(kāi)挖部位、隧洞周圍巖體及隧洞襯砌部位建立模型。 （2）利用FLAC3D有限差分軟件對(duì)隧洞周圍進(jìn)行了邊界設(shè)定、參數(shù)選擇等，對(duì)其計(jì)算網(wǎng)格模型進(jìn)行了邊界條件設(shè)置，獲得模型初始平衡狀態(tài)，加載模型的自重應(yīng)力場(chǎng)； （3）對(duì)濕陷性黃土隧洞在不同開(kāi)挖方法作用下進(jìn)行工程開(kāi)挖的響應(yīng)分析，，處理一系列計(jì)算步后達(dá)到問(wèn)題的解。通過(guò)計(jì)算結(jié)果得到的隧洞開(kāi)挖過(guò)程中，巖體豎直與水平兩個(gè)方向的應(yīng)力場(chǎng)與位移場(chǎng)的分布圖，以及豎直方向與水平方向應(yīng)力與位移的計(jì)算結(jié)果。 通過(guò)對(duì)這四種開(kāi)挖方法引起濕陷性黃土隧洞地層圍巖的水平應(yīng)力與豎向應(yīng)力及水平位移和豎向位移進(jìn)行比較，得出CRD法是一種有效控制濕陷性黃土隧洞圍巖變形的施工方法。
[Abstract]:Collapsible loess is a special soil with strong collapsibility in water. This kind of soil is very unfavorable to the engineering building, and the collapsible loess should be avoided as far as possible in the conventional engineering construction. However, the natural geological conditions in many areas of China are not ideal, the loess overburden is thicker and wider, most of the loess is collapsible loess, which brings great challenges to the engineering construction. Because the collapsible loess tunnel project is limited by its special geological conditions, the quantity of construction is small and the construction is difficult, so the original construction technology can not be completely applied to the collapsible loess tunnel project. Expansion and innovation of construction technology to change the collapsible loess tunnel construction is difficult, prone to accidents is the problem we need to face. Only by further studying and perfecting the construction technology of collapsible loess tunnel engineering, can we make up for the problems of less research results and messy construction experience of collapsible loess tunnel, and supplement the excavation construction analysis of collapsible loess tunnel engineering. The distribution of stress field and displacement field before excavation of collapsible loess tunnel is understood, and the distribution of stress field and displacement field after excavation and lining is compared with that before excavation, in order to arrange the safety of construction reasonably. Three aspects of construction quality and construction schedule can provide guidance for the construction of collapsible loess tunnel with safety and rapidity. Combined with an example of a diversion tunnel, the model of collapsible loess section tunnel is established by using FLAC3D finite difference software. The construction simulation of full section excavation method and upper and lower step excavation method / CD method is carried out respectively. The main contents of the construction simulation of collapsible loess tunnel include three aspects: (1) the engineering geological characteristics of collapsible loess and the requirements of construction of collapsible loess tunnel are summarized. According to the geological conditions and section size of the tunnel in the collapsible loess section of the diversion project, the computational grid is divided. Then, the model of tunnel excavation site, surrounding rock mass and tunnel lining is established. (2) the boundary setting and parameter selection around the tunnel are carried out by using FLAC3D finite difference software. The initial equilibrium state of the model is obtained and the self-gravity stress field of the model is loaded. (3) the response of the collapsible loess tunnel excavation under different excavation methods is analyzed. Processing a series of computational steps to reach the solution of the problem. The distribution map of stress field and displacement field in vertical and horizontal direction of rock mass and the calculated result of stress and displacement in vertical and horizontal direction of rock mass during tunnel excavation are obtained. By comparing the horizontal stress with vertical stress, horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the surrounding rock of collapsible loess tunnel caused by these four excavation methods, it is concluded that CRD method is an effective construction method to control the deformation of surrounding rock of collapsible loess tunnel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU444;TV554

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