我國建筑低碳化發(fā)展研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-01 08:33
【摘要】：面對氣候變暖，國際社會采取了一系列發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的舉措。為此，我國政府也及時地制定了本國的低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計劃，圍繞該計劃學(xué)術(shù)界展開了大量探索。然鮮有從建筑的角度進(jìn)行研究的。實(shí)際上，建筑碳排量占社會碳排量的比例超過四分之一，，成為社會三大碳源中僅次于工業(yè)的第二大碳源。其中，建筑運(yùn)行又是建筑全生命周期碳排量構(gòu)成中的重要一環(huán)，占比高達(dá)75%以上，具備減排成本相對較低的特征。因此，研究建筑低碳化特別是建筑運(yùn)行低碳化具有較大的實(shí)踐與理論意義。 本文首先通過文獻(xiàn)歸納法得出低碳建筑的內(nèi)涵，綜述理論界截止目前關(guān)于低碳建筑的評價指標(biāo)、碳排放、影響因素以及財稅政策的研究現(xiàn)狀。以此為基礎(chǔ)，借助宏觀模型法以及IPCC碳排放系數(shù)法分別測算1985-2009年間我國建筑能耗以及碳排放量，并運(yùn)用計量模型法對建筑碳排量的長期發(fā)展趨勢進(jìn)行研究；接著通過因素分解法進(jìn)行碳排量的影響因素研究。居于此，以幾何模型法對建筑低碳化發(fā)展路徑進(jìn)行了分析，為相關(guān)政策建議的提出提供理論鋪墊。 論文主要得出以下幾個結(jié)論：第一、低碳建筑的核心在于“一個中心”——低碳排放，“兩個基本點(diǎn)”——能源結(jié)構(gòu)和能源效率以及“一個歸宿”——實(shí)現(xiàn)人類社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。并且，低碳建筑包括廣義與狹義兩個層面。第二、1985-2009年，用能建筑結(jié)構(gòu)上，公共建筑和北方城鎮(zhèn)建筑采暖能耗占比快速提高，住宅建筑則有所降低；能源結(jié)構(gòu)上，煤炭消耗比例降低、電力以及天然氣、液化石油氣等氣體能源消耗比例提高。第三、我國建筑碳排量由1985年的4.85億t提升到2009年的15.95億t，年均增長率為5.22%。并且碳庫茨涅茨曲線假說在建筑碳排量中并不成立，而是一條U型的曲線。第四、促進(jìn)建筑低碳化發(fā)展就是要優(yōu)化建筑能源結(jié)構(gòu)、降低能源強(qiáng)度以及電力碳排放強(qiáng)度。并且發(fā)展成效顯著與否直接取決于能源結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化、能源強(qiáng)度以及電力碳排放強(qiáng)度的降低所帶來的抑制作用能否顯著抵消經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平提高和人口規(guī)模擴(kuò)大所帶來的推動作用。 論文的創(chuàng)新主要體現(xiàn)在三個方面：第一，在研究視角上進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)新。指出低碳建筑需要從全生命周期與運(yùn)行兩個角度進(jìn)行廣義與狹義的把握，并且從建筑運(yùn)行的視角展開了論文的研究。第二、指出低碳建筑不是一個新的事物，在我國農(nóng)業(yè)社會就存在傳統(tǒng)低碳建筑的縮影。只是在低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展環(huán)境下，重塑了低碳建筑的內(nèi)涵，突出地要求通過碳排量來評價建筑以達(dá)到社會減碳的目標(biāo)。第三、指出促進(jìn)我國建筑低碳化發(fā)展需要著重優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)、降低能源強(qiáng)度和電力碳排放強(qiáng)度。當(dāng)然，論文忽略了建筑碳匯因素，對國內(nèi)外的比較研究還顯得不夠充分，同時理論分析也略顯不足，成為論文的主要缺陷。
[Abstract]:In the face of climate warming, the international community has taken a series of measures to develop a low-carbon economy. Therefore, our government has also formulated our country's low-carbon economy development plan in time, has carried on the massive exploration around the plan academic circles. However, there are few from the point of view of architecture. In fact, the proportion of building carbon emission to social carbon emission is more than 1/4, which is the second largest carbon source after industry. Among them, building operation is an important part of carbon emission in the whole life cycle of building, which accounts for more than 75% of the total carbon emission and has the characteristics of relatively low cost of emission reduction. Therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study the low carbonization of buildings, especially the low carbonization of buildings. In this paper, the connotation of low-carbon building is obtained by the method of literature induction, and the current research status of evaluation index, carbon emission, influencing factors and fiscal and tax policy of low-carbon building is summarized. Based on this, we calculate the energy consumption and carbon emission from 1985 to 2009 with the help of macroscopic model method and IPCC carbon emission coefficient method, and study the long-term development trend of building carbon emission by means of econometric model. Then factors affecting carbon emission are studied by factor decomposition method. In this paper, the development path of low carbonization of buildings is analyzed by geometric model method, which provides a theoretical basis for the proposal of relevant policies. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the core of low-carbon building is "one center"-low carbon emissions, "two basic points"-energy structure and energy efficiency and one home-to achieve sustainable development of human society. Moreover, low-carbon building includes two levels: broad sense and narrow sense. Second, from 1985 to 2009, the proportion of heating energy consumption in public buildings and buildings in northern cities and towns increased rapidly, while that in residential buildings decreased; in energy structure, the proportion of coal consumption decreased, and the proportion of electricity and natural gas decreased. LPG and other gas energy consumption increased. Thirdly, the carbon emission of buildings in China increased from 485 million tons in 1985 to 1.595 billion tons in 2009, with an average annual growth rate of 5.22 tons. Moreover, the carbon Kutznitz curve hypothesis does not hold true in the carbon emission of buildings, but is a U-shaped curve. Fourth, to promote the development of building low-carbon is to optimize the building energy structure, reduce the energy intensity and power carbon emission intensity. And whether the development effect is significant or not depends directly on the optimization of energy structure, and whether the inhibition effect brought by the reduction of energy intensity and carbon emission intensity of electric power can significantly offset the driving effect brought by the improvement of economic development level and the expansion of population scale. The innovation of the thesis is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, innovation in the perspective of research. It is pointed out that low-carbon buildings need to be grasped in a broad sense and in a narrow sense from the perspective of the whole life cycle and operation, and the research of the thesis is carried out from the perspective of building operation. Secondly, it points out that low carbon building is not a new thing, and there is a microcosm of traditional low carbon building in agricultural society of our country. Only in the development environment of low carbon economy, the connotation of low carbon building has been reshaped, and the carbon emission should be used to evaluate the construction so as to achieve the goal of reducing carbon in society. Thirdly, it is pointed out that it is necessary to optimize the energy structure and reduce the energy intensity and carbon emission intensity in order to promote the development of low carbonization of buildings in China. Of course, the paper ignored the building carbon sink factors, the comparative study at home and abroad is not enough, at the same time, the theoretical analysis is also slightly inadequate, becoming the main defect of the paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X322;TU-023
本文編號：2156993
[Abstract]:In the face of climate warming, the international community has taken a series of measures to develop a low-carbon economy. Therefore, our government has also formulated our country's low-carbon economy development plan in time, has carried on the massive exploration around the plan academic circles. However, there are few from the point of view of architecture. In fact, the proportion of building carbon emission to social carbon emission is more than 1/4, which is the second largest carbon source after industry. Among them, building operation is an important part of carbon emission in the whole life cycle of building, which accounts for more than 75% of the total carbon emission and has the characteristics of relatively low cost of emission reduction. Therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study the low carbonization of buildings, especially the low carbonization of buildings. In this paper, the connotation of low-carbon building is obtained by the method of literature induction, and the current research status of evaluation index, carbon emission, influencing factors and fiscal and tax policy of low-carbon building is summarized. Based on this, we calculate the energy consumption and carbon emission from 1985 to 2009 with the help of macroscopic model method and IPCC carbon emission coefficient method, and study the long-term development trend of building carbon emission by means of econometric model. Then factors affecting carbon emission are studied by factor decomposition method. In this paper, the development path of low carbonization of buildings is analyzed by geometric model method, which provides a theoretical basis for the proposal of relevant policies. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the core of low-carbon building is "one center"-low carbon emissions, "two basic points"-energy structure and energy efficiency and one home-to achieve sustainable development of human society. Moreover, low-carbon building includes two levels: broad sense and narrow sense. Second, from 1985 to 2009, the proportion of heating energy consumption in public buildings and buildings in northern cities and towns increased rapidly, while that in residential buildings decreased; in energy structure, the proportion of coal consumption decreased, and the proportion of electricity and natural gas decreased. LPG and other gas energy consumption increased. Thirdly, the carbon emission of buildings in China increased from 485 million tons in 1985 to 1.595 billion tons in 2009, with an average annual growth rate of 5.22 tons. Moreover, the carbon Kutznitz curve hypothesis does not hold true in the carbon emission of buildings, but is a U-shaped curve. Fourth, to promote the development of building low-carbon is to optimize the building energy structure, reduce the energy intensity and power carbon emission intensity. And whether the development effect is significant or not depends directly on the optimization of energy structure, and whether the inhibition effect brought by the reduction of energy intensity and carbon emission intensity of electric power can significantly offset the driving effect brought by the improvement of economic development level and the expansion of population scale. The innovation of the thesis is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, innovation in the perspective of research. It is pointed out that low-carbon buildings need to be grasped in a broad sense and in a narrow sense from the perspective of the whole life cycle and operation, and the research of the thesis is carried out from the perspective of building operation. Secondly, it points out that low carbon building is not a new thing, and there is a microcosm of traditional low carbon building in agricultural society of our country. Only in the development environment of low carbon economy, the connotation of low carbon building has been reshaped, and the carbon emission should be used to evaluate the construction so as to achieve the goal of reducing carbon in society. Thirdly, it is pointed out that it is necessary to optimize the energy structure and reduce the energy intensity and carbon emission intensity in order to promote the development of low carbonization of buildings in China. Of course, the paper ignored the building carbon sink factors, the comparative study at home and abroad is not enough, at the same time, the theoretical analysis is also slightly inadequate, becoming the main defect of the paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X322;TU-023
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 楊振;;中國能源消費(fèi)碳排放影響因素分析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理;2010年11期
2 孟艾紅;;城市居民低碳消費(fèi)行為影響因素的實(shí)證分析[J];中國城市經(jīng)濟(jì);2011年23期
3 仇保興;;創(chuàng)建低碳社會 提升國家競爭力——英國減排溫室氣體的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與啟示[J];城市發(fā)展研究;2008年02期
4 仇保興;;從綠色建筑到低碳生態(tài)城[J];城市發(fā)展研究;2009年07期
5 仇保興;;中國特色的城鎮(zhèn)化模式之辯——“C模式”:超越“A模式”的誘惑和“B模式”的泥淖[J];城市規(guī)劃;2008年11期
6 張麗峰;;我國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、能源消費(fèi)對碳排放影響分析[J];工業(yè)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì);2011年01期
7 莊貴陽;;氣候變化挑戰(zhàn)與中國經(jīng)濟(jì)低碳發(fā)展[J];國際經(jīng)濟(jì)評論;2007年05期
8 仇保興;;我國綠色節(jié)能建筑的發(fā)展前景及對策建議[J];廣西城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè);2011年01期
9 劉念雄;汪靜;李嶸;;中國城市住區(qū)CO_2排放量計算方法[J];清華大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版)網(wǎng)絡(luò).預(yù)覽;2009年09期
10 查建平;唐方方;傅浩;;中國直接生活能源碳排放因素分解模型與實(shí)證[J];山西財經(jīng)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2010年09期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 楊國銳;中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的碳排放波動及減碳路徑研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2010年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條
1 孫雪;低碳建筑評價及對策研究[D];天津財經(jīng)大學(xué);2011年
2 蔡筱霜;基于LCA的低碳建筑評價研究[D];江南大學(xué);2011年
3 謝慶;合同能源管理在低碳建筑中的應(yīng)用研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2011年
4 王玨;我國低碳建筑市場體系構(gòu)建及對策研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2011年
5 符佩佩;長江流域農(nóng)村建筑能耗調(diào)查及節(jié)能對策研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2008年
本文編號：2156993
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/sgjslw/2156993.html
最近更新
教材專著
