【摘要】：2008年5月12日,發(fā)生的汶川地震,是我國(guó)自唐山地震以來(lái)又一次震害嚴(yán)重的地震。造成了大量的人員傷亡和巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。我國(guó)作為西亞地中海和環(huán)太平洋兩大地震帶的交匯地區(qū),一直以來(lái)都是遭受地震災(zāi)害比較嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家。較大級(jí)別的地震會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的建筑破壞和人員傷亡。中小學(xué)校舍由于使用人群的密集性及使用者較差的自我保護(hù)意識(shí)使其成為特殊的受災(zāi)建筑群之一。因此,提高對(duì)中小學(xué)教學(xué)樓的重視程度,加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)教學(xué)樓抗震安全措施是當(dāng)今社會(huì)的重中之重。在地震中受到不同程度破壞、但經(jīng)加固維修后仍可繼續(xù)使用的部分學(xué)校建筑,也需要我們采取行之有效的技術(shù)措施來(lái)強(qiáng)化其防震減災(zāi)能力,這也是我們當(dāng)前及今后應(yīng)該繼續(xù)研究和發(fā)展的方向。通過(guò)對(duì)中小學(xué)抗震技術(shù)及震后加固技術(shù)的研究,使學(xué)校教學(xué)樓最終變?yōu)閷W(xué)校師生和附近居民名符其實(shí)的“第一避難所”。 本文以對(duì)中小學(xué)砌體教學(xué)樓的震害調(diào)查研究為基本工作,總結(jié)了砌體教學(xué)樓中各薄弱環(huán)節(jié)存在的典型的抗震問(wèn)題,仔細(xì)研究了各種震害表現(xiàn),并分析震害產(chǎn)生的原因,為教學(xué)樓的抗震加固工作提供了有意義的理論指導(dǎo)。 在綜合分析建筑結(jié)構(gòu)加固的原因及其加固后的受力特征后,詳細(xì)的介紹了砌體結(jié)構(gòu)的加固原理。詳細(xì)介紹了砌體結(jié)構(gòu)常用的加固方法,對(duì)水泥灌漿法、扶壁柱加固、鋼筋網(wǎng)水泥砂漿加固、結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造性加固等進(jìn)行了概括性的介紹。并指出了各種加固方法的施工要點(diǎn)和計(jì)算要點(diǎn)。 結(jié)合前述相關(guān)理論,以某砌體結(jié)構(gòu)幼兒園作為工程實(shí)例,詳細(xì)的分析了鑒定過(guò)程和加固設(shè)計(jì)、施工等在工程中的運(yùn)用。構(gòu)造柱加固技術(shù)和鋼筋網(wǎng)水泥砂漿面層加固技術(shù)都具有增強(qiáng)砌體結(jié)構(gòu)整體性和抗震能力的作用,在工程中被廣泛地應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:The Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred on May 12, 2008, is another serious earthquake in China since the Tangshan earthquake. Caused a large number of casualties and huge economic losses. China, as the intersection area of the Mediterranean and Pacific Rim seismic zones, has always been the country that suffered more serious earthquake disaster. Large earthquakes can cause serious building damage and casualties. School buildings in primary and secondary schools have become one of the special disaster-stricken buildings because of the intensive use of people and the poor self-protection consciousness of the users. Therefore, it is the most important in the society to improve the importance of primary and secondary school buildings and strengthen the seismic safety measures of primary and secondary school buildings. Some school buildings that have been damaged to varying degrees in the earthquake, but which can still be used after reinforcement and maintenance, also need us to take effective technical measures to strengthen their ability to prevent and reduce earthquake. This is also the direction that we should continue to study and develop at present and in the future. Through the study of seismic techniques and post-earthquake reinforcement techniques in primary and secondary schools, the school building will eventually become the "first refuge" for the teachers and students of schools and the residents nearby. Based on the investigation and study of earthquake damage in primary and middle school masonry teaching buildings, this paper summarizes the typical seismic problems existing in the weak links of masonry teaching buildings, studies the various kinds of earthquake damage performance, and analyzes the causes of earthquake damage. It provides meaningful theoretical guidance for seismic reinforcement of teaching buildings. After the comprehensive analysis of the reasons for the strengthening of the building structure and the mechanical characteristics of the strengthened structure, the reinforcement principle of the masonry structure is introduced in detail. The common reinforcement methods of masonry structure are introduced in detail, such as cement grouting method, buttress column reinforcement, reinforced concrete mesh cement mortar reinforcement, structural strengthening and so on. The main points of construction and calculation of various reinforcement methods are also pointed out. Combined with the above related theory, taking a masonry structure kindergarten as an engineering example, the paper analyzes in detail the application of appraisal process, reinforcement design, construction and so on. The reinforcement technology of structural column and reinforced concrete mortar surface layer has the function of enhancing the integrity and seismic resistance of masonry structure, and has been widely used in engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU364;TU352.11

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