發(fā)布時間：2018-07-16 22:28

【摘要】：我國是一個發(fā)展中大國，同時又是一個人口眾多，，人均能源資源相對匱乏的國家。我國每年新建房屋面積高達(dá)17～18億平方米，超過所有發(fā)達(dá)國家每年建成面積的總和，而其中真正稱得上節(jié)能建筑的還不到1億平方米。在既有的400多億平方米建筑中，節(jié)能建筑僅占1%。我國的建筑能耗和能源短缺現(xiàn)狀，強(qiáng)烈的要求我國必須高度重視建筑節(jié)能技術(shù)的發(fā)展。 建筑節(jié)能是一門跨學(xué)科、跨行業(yè)、綜合性和應(yīng)用性都很強(qiáng)的技術(shù)，它不僅集成了建筑學(xué)及土木、設(shè)備、機(jī)電、材料、環(huán)境等眾多的工程學(xué)科，同時還與技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會學(xué)等人文學(xué)科密不可分。因此建筑節(jié)能技術(shù)不能簡單的只從工程的角度出發(fā)，還必須考慮到其經(jīng)濟(jì)應(yīng)用的重要性。在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)應(yīng)用是并存的。因此，針對建筑節(jié)能技術(shù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)應(yīng)用分析是必不可少的。 本文研究的對象是既有居住建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能改造的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析，而圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的節(jié)能改造，又主要包括三個方面，即外墻外表面隔熱保溫、屋面隔熱保溫和外窗遮陽隔熱。針對我國夏熱冬暖地區(qū)居住建筑能耗的特點(diǎn)，采用全生命周期評價理論思想，對圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能改造前后進(jìn)行全生命周期成本分析（Life Cycle Cost Analyzing，簡稱LCCA）。通過建立成本分析模型，為以后夏熱冬暖地區(qū)居住建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能改造提供技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的參考。 本文主要的特點(diǎn)在于采用國際上廣泛認(rèn)可的全生命周期評價理論，從圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能改造全生命周期評價理論角度出發(fā)，運(yùn)用建筑熱工計(jì)算、工程造價和預(yù)測統(tǒng)計(jì)等學(xué)科的基本原理，通過建立成本分析數(shù)學(xué)模型、理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合、定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合的方法，詳細(xì)的論述了圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能改造技術(shù)全生命周期成本分析的具體實(shí)施方案，從而得出以下結(jié)論： （1）確定了圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能改造全生命周期成本的費(fèi)用分解結(jié)構(gòu)和成本組成，并且給出了生命周期成本每個組成部分的計(jì)算方法，建立了圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能改造的LCC分析模型。 （2）通過對外墻外表面保溫隔熱、屋頂保溫隔熱和外窗遮陽隔熱進(jìn)行技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析，得出夏熱冬暖地區(qū)三種圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能改造費(fèi)效比，從而可以看出在夏熱冬暖地區(qū)對外窗進(jìn)行遮陽隔熱能夠在短時間內(nèi)帶來明顯的節(jié)能效果。
[Abstract]:China is a large developing country with a large population and relatively scarce energy resources per capita. The area of newly built houses in China is as high as 17 ~ 1.8 billion square meters every year, which is more than the total area of all developed countries every year, but the real energy saving building is less than 100 million square meters. In the existing more than 40 billion square meters of buildings, energy-efficient buildings only account for 1. The present situation of building energy consumption and energy shortage in our country requires us to attach great importance to the development of building energy saving technology. Building energy conservation is an interdisciplinary, cross-industry, comprehensive and applied technology. It not only integrates architecture, civil engineering, equipment, electromechanical, material, environment and many other engineering disciplines, but also with technology and economy. Sociology and other humanities are inseparable. Therefore, building energy saving technology can not simply from the point of view of engineering, but also must consider the importance of its economic application. Under the condition of market economy, technology and economic application coexist. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the economic application of building energy saving technology. The research object of this paper is the technical and economic analysis of the energy saving transformation of the existing residential building envelope structure, and the energy saving transformation of the enclosure structure mainly includes three aspects, namely, the exterior wall heat insulation, the roof heat insulation and the exterior window shading heat insulation. According to the characteristics of energy consumption of residential buildings in hot summer and warm winter area in China, the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was carried out before and after the energy saving transformation of enclosure structure by using the theory of life cycle evaluation. The cost analysis model is established to provide technical and economic reference for energy saving reconstruction of residential buildings in hot summer and warm winter area. The main features of this paper are that the whole life cycle evaluation theory, which is widely accepted in the world, is used to calculate the thermal engineering of buildings from the perspective of the whole life cycle evaluation theory of the energy saving transformation of the envelope structure. The basic principles of engineering cost and prediction statistics, through the establishment of mathematical model of cost analysis, the combination of theory and practice, the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, The implementation scheme of life-cycle cost analysis of energy saving transformation technology of enclosure structure is discussed in detail. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the cost decomposition structure and cost composition of the whole life-cycle cost of the energy saving transformation of the envelope structure are determined, and the calculation method of each component of the life-cycle cost is given. The LCC analysis model for the energy saving transformation of the envelope structure is established. (2) through the technical and economic analysis of the exterior wall heat insulation, the roof heat insulation and the outer window sunshade insulation, The cost-efficiency ratio of three kinds of envelope structures in hot summer and warm winter area is obtained, and it can be seen that the sunshade and heat insulation in the external window in hot summer and warm winter area can bring obvious energy-saving effect in a short period of time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU241;TU201.5

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