【摘要】：砌體砌筑是人類建造史上最早使用的建造方式之一。因為砌體砌筑所使用的材料易得且加工簡單，加之施工方便快捷，所以砌體砌筑的建造方式在人類漫長的建筑歷史中一直占據(jù)著至關(guān)重要的地位。無論是非洲的埃及金字塔、歐洲的羅馬萬神廟，還是亞洲的中國萬里長城，在世界范圍內(nèi)，砌體砌筑方式都得到廣泛的使用，至今在世界各地還存有大量偉大燦爛的遺跡。 今天，砌體砌筑方式仍然在全球范圍內(nèi)被廣泛使用，很多新的砌體運用方式和構(gòu)造做法不斷涌現(xiàn)，其中不乏優(yōu)秀的建筑師和設(shè)計案例。在西方，有關(guān)砌體的理論探索和設(shè)計實踐都相當(dāng)豐富。從遠(yuǎn)至古羅馬時代的磚石砌筑，到戰(zhàn)后西歐對磚建筑的設(shè)計與研究，從阿爾瓦.阿爾托在其紅色時期把其經(jīng)濟(jì)的工程磚用于建筑的考量，到馬里奧·博塔把當(dāng)?shù)靥厣u作為基本素材的實踐，都為本課題的展開提供了豐富的研究材料與經(jīng)驗參照。在中國，建筑師王澍設(shè)計的寧波博物館、王小東院士設(shè)計的新疆國際大巴扎、劉克成建筑師設(shè)計的陜西富平陶藝村博物館主館、劉家琨建筑師設(shè)計的鹿野苑佛教石刻藝術(shù)博物館、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造設(shè)計的西藏尼洋游客接待站等一批砌體建筑作品都是具有突破性的實踐。 但是伴隨著歷史的發(fā)展，建筑建造實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化之后，建筑設(shè)計師和建筑工匠的職能開始分離，建筑師往往只關(guān)注設(shè)計理念但卻忽視建造工藝本身，逐漸形成了建筑工人懂砌筑工藝而建筑師不懂砌筑的現(xiàn)象，這反過來又制約著建筑砌體設(shè)計在當(dāng)代建筑創(chuàng)作中的表現(xiàn)力。 本文在全球范圍內(nèi)選取大量當(dāng)代已建成的砌體建筑設(shè)計作品，針對砌體這種最“古老”也最“新穎”的建筑材料，采用繪制、調(diào)查、歸納和總結(jié)的方法對其材料選擇、設(shè)計手法、構(gòu)造方式及特點和發(fā)展規(guī)律進(jìn)行闡釋和概括，力圖形成一份內(nèi)容詳實具體的建筑砌體詞典，以便為設(shè)計師在砌體建筑方案設(shè)計的探索及對構(gòu)造的認(rèn)識提供依據(jù)，展現(xiàn)更多的設(shè)計選擇方向。在此基礎(chǔ)上通過對各類型材料的總結(jié)和建筑師設(shè)計手法的對比研究，力圖梳理出建筑砌體設(shè)計中的些許經(jīng)驗和方法，相信在今后建筑師們更多多元化的探討和實踐中，，建筑砌體設(shè)計及其構(gòu)造得研究將顯現(xiàn)出其重要的價值。
[Abstract]:Masonry is one of the earliest construction methods in the history of human construction. Because the materials used in masonry are easy to be obtained and processed, and the construction is convenient and quick, the way of masonry construction has been playing an important role in the long history of human construction. Whether it is the Egyptian pyramids in Africa, the Roman temples in Europe, or the Great Wall of China in Asia, masonry is widely used around the world. Today, masonry is still widely used in the world, many new masonry application and construction practices are emerging, among them, there are many excellent architects and design cases. In the west, the theoretical exploration and design practice of masonry are quite rich. From brick masonry to ancient Rome, to the design and research of brick buildings in western Europe after the war, from Alva. Aalto used its economical engineering brick for architectural consideration in its red period, and to Mario Botha's practice of taking the local characteristic brick as the basic material, all of them provided abundant research materials and experience reference for the development of this subject. In China, architect Wang Shu designed the main Museum of Ningbo Museum, designed by academician Wang Xiaodong, Xinjiang International Grand Bazaar, and Liu Kecheng architect designed the main Museum of Shaanxi Fuping Ceramics Village, A number of masonry works designed by Liu Jiakun architect Luye Yuan Buddhist Stone carving Museum and the standard building design of Tibet Niyang tourist reception Station are all groundbreaking practices. But with the development of history, after the industrialization of architectural construction, the functions of architect and architect began to be separated. Architects often focused on the design concept but ignored the construction process itself. The phenomenon that the construction workers understand the masonry technology and the architects do not understand the masonry, which in turn restricts the expression of the architectural masonry design in the contemporary architectural creation. In this paper, a large number of contemporary masonry architectural design works have been selected in the world, aiming at masonry, which is the oldest and most novel building material, the method of drawing, investigating, summing up and summing up the materials is used to select the materials. The design techniques, construction methods, characteristics and development rules are explained and summarized in order to form a detailed and concrete architectural masonry dictionary, so as to provide a basis for designers to explore and understand the structure of masonry architecture scheme design. Show more design options. On this basis, through the summary of various types of materials and the comparative study of architects' design methods, we try to sort out some experiences and methods in the design of building masonry, and believe that in the future, architects will discuss and practice more diversified, The study of building masonry design and its construction will show its important value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU364;TU201

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