【摘要】：當(dāng)前我國各省陸續(xù)開展并完成了省級主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃,實(shí)施并構(gòu)建以主體功能區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)的區(qū)域開發(fā)格局,成為各省“十二五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃期間的重要任務(wù)。重慶市是中西部地區(qū)唯一的直轄市,是全國統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)綜合配套改革試驗(yàn)區(qū),在促進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展和推進(jìn)改革開放大局中具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位。重慶市集大城市、大農(nóng)村、大庫區(qū)、大山區(qū)和民族地區(qū)于一體,城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系、區(qū)域關(guān)系、民族關(guān)系具有特殊性,統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域發(fā)展既是重慶市協(xié)調(diào)城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域、民族三個(gè)關(guān)系的必然要求,也是為全國統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)改革提供示范的需要,是形成沿海與內(nèi)陸聯(lián)動(dòng)開發(fā)開放新格局、保障長江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境安全、深入實(shí)施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的需要。重慶市主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃將于2013年付諸實(shí)施,如何以統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展的政策框架推進(jìn)形成主體功能區(qū),實(shí)現(xiàn)重慶市區(qū)域發(fā)展空間結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化成為當(dāng)前的緊迫問題。 國外盡管沒有采用“主體功能區(qū)”、“統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展”概念,但區(qū)域發(fā)展、區(qū)域分工與協(xié)作、區(qū)域一體化、城鄉(xiāng)一體化等相關(guān)的研究較為成熟,并有區(qū)位理論、核心邊緣理論等眾多區(qū)域研究成果,為建立具有中國特色的區(qū)域發(fā)展理論提供了豐富的參照素材。國內(nèi)關(guān)于主體功能區(qū)研究,重點(diǎn)討論了主體功能區(qū)的劃分、形成機(jī)制、實(shí)施政策配套等關(guān)鍵問題；對統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展的研究則是在國家建設(shè)需求下重點(diǎn)探討城鄉(xiāng)間的土地、財(cái)政、勞動(dòng)力等產(chǎn)業(yè)資源,以及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的統(tǒng)籌管理,并研究如何實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌的政策措施,如何統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域各項(xiàng)要素以確保區(qū)域發(fā)展目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)、保證區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的相關(guān)研究成果還不多;對采用區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌的發(fā)展理念促進(jìn)主體功能區(qū)形成,如何統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域資源以保證各主體功能區(qū)之間、主體功能區(qū)內(nèi)部各構(gòu)成部分的協(xié)調(diào)這一領(lǐng)域,目前尚未得到足夠重視。 本文運(yùn)用區(qū)域地理學(xué)及區(qū)域科學(xué)的區(qū)位、地域分異、空間結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、空間相互作用等分析方法,研究重慶市主體功能區(qū)的區(qū)域特征,構(gòu)建了重慶市區(qū)域空間結(jié)構(gòu)的核心邊緣-點(diǎn)軸復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)模型,用空間相互作用模型研究了重慶市這一巨型核心城市的區(qū)域影響力,用區(qū)位商法和基尼系數(shù)法研究重慶市區(qū)域發(fā)展的總體差異,用pearson相關(guān)分析法度量區(qū)縣間發(fā)展綜合差距,并進(jìn)行聚類分析,用生態(tài)足跡模型測算區(qū)縣間的生態(tài)承載力差異,在主體功能區(qū)均衡模型基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步研究主體功能區(qū)劃分指標(biāo)及其分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。最后運(yùn)用空間相互作用模型和空間聚類分析模型將重慶市各區(qū)縣劃分為不同類型區(qū)。 主要研究結(jié)果如下： (1)國家層面發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略將重慶定位為西部發(fā)展增長極核、長江上游樞紐、五大都市化地區(qū)之一城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)；西部地區(qū)層面則著力打造成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)、重視庫區(qū)建設(shè)和少數(shù)民族山區(qū)建設(shè),開展跨省協(xié)作；重慶市域?qū)用鎰t充分依托各區(qū)縣發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)和潛力,正視區(qū)縣間的差異,提出都市核心區(qū)、都市拓展區(qū)、都市發(fā)展新區(qū)、生態(tài)涵養(yǎng)區(qū)和生態(tài)保護(hù)區(qū)等發(fā)展目標(biāo)要求。 (2)重慶城市空間經(jīng)濟(jì)影響力可分為四個(gè)等級。第一級是市域內(nèi)強(qiáng)影響區(qū),重慶市的影響力超過其他所有城市影響力的總和,包括梁平、萬州、石柱、酉陽及其以西的共計(jì)24個(gè)區(qū)縣;第二級是市域內(nèi)中度影響區(qū),重慶市的影響力超過其他所有城市影響力平均值,包括秀山、奉節(jié)、開縣等7縣；第三級為市域外強(qiáng)影響區(qū),重慶市的影響力超過其他所有城市影響力最大值,包括四川及貴州、湖北的38個(gè)區(qū)縣市：第四級為市域外重慶市影響力超過其他城市影響力平均值的范圍,包括四川、云南、貴州、湖南與湖北的57個(gè)區(qū)縣市。 (3)重慶市內(nèi)部區(qū)域差異。將經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人口與勞動(dòng)力、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、土地利用、生態(tài)承載力等角度的區(qū)域發(fā)展空間格局進(jìn)行空間疊合,得到“都市-現(xiàn)代農(nóng)村-生態(tài)兩翼”三層級區(qū)域開發(fā)格局：第一層級是以主城區(qū)強(qiáng)勢發(fā)展構(gòu)成的都市核心區(qū)域：第二層級上近郊四區(qū)構(gòu)成的衛(wèi)星城、江北特色農(nóng)業(yè)、江南礦業(yè)旅游業(yè)區(qū)、萬州次中心及黔江次中心；第三層級是東北部三峽庫區(qū)及東南部特色產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)。 (4)重慶市經(jīng)濟(jì)-人口-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有較高的相關(guān)關(guān)系。其中經(jīng)濟(jì)與人口空間分布耦合方程檢驗(yàn)指數(shù)高達(dá)0.99以上；人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)的空間分布同渝中區(qū)的距離擬合方程,其檢驗(yàn)指數(shù)也高達(dá)0.9：同時(shí),生態(tài)承載力與經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)程度呈相反的變化關(guān)系,主城九區(qū)擁有全市67.96%的城市建設(shè)用地,外圍10縣則擁有全市60%以上的林草地。全市由強(qiáng)勢發(fā)展的核心區(qū)、生態(tài)優(yōu)良的外圍區(qū)和活躍的發(fā)展軸三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成。 (5)重慶市統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展綜合分區(qū)為城市化核心區(qū)、城市化擴(kuò)展區(qū)、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)、生態(tài)與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)及禁止開發(fā)區(qū)五類區(qū)域,并配有區(qū)間發(fā)展軸。各主體功能區(qū)又按照優(yōu)化區(qū)、強(qiáng)化區(qū)和培育區(qū)三個(gè)層次進(jìn)行分級管理,按此方法將重慶市各區(qū)縣分為十一種主體功能類型。 (6)從市場、人口、土地、投資、生態(tài)兒個(gè)方面提出區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展空間結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化政策建議。 通過對上述內(nèi)容的研究,得到如下結(jié)論： (1)主體功能區(qū)是具有明確功能目標(biāo)的復(fù)雜要素構(gòu)成的區(qū)域。主體功能區(qū)是由經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口、生態(tài)的各類要素及其之間復(fù)雜關(guān)聯(lián)構(gòu)成的區(qū)域,這種復(fù)雜關(guān)聯(lián)是引起重慶市各主體功能區(qū)之間、主體功能區(qū)內(nèi)部各區(qū)縣之間的功能狀態(tài)差異的主要原因。不同主體功能區(qū)目標(biāo)差異對區(qū)域資源的需求不同,功能不同,因而有不同的區(qū)域管理政策需求；同一主體功能區(qū)無差異功能目標(biāo)對區(qū)內(nèi)各區(qū)縣的資源管理與分配提出了新的要求,統(tǒng)籌主體功能區(qū)資源,促進(jìn)各區(qū)縣共同實(shí)現(xiàn)主體功能目標(biāo)成為新的區(qū)域管理任務(wù)。統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域發(fā)展應(yīng)當(dāng)充分考慮主體功能區(qū)功能目標(biāo)與區(qū)域發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀的差異,統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域資源,引導(dǎo)人口合理流動(dòng),形成區(qū)域人均經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、人均生態(tài)發(fā)展水平、人均社會(huì)發(fā)展水平總和的各功能區(qū)接近均等狀態(tài)。 (2)以統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域發(fā)展貫穿主體功能區(qū)管理,是當(dāng)前區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略部署的新轉(zhuǎn)變。其一是主體功能區(qū)內(nèi)部各區(qū)縣之間發(fā)展差異的客觀存在,需統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域資源促使各區(qū)縣協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,共同達(dá)成主體功能區(qū)的功能目標(biāo);其二是不同主體功能區(qū)之間功能目標(biāo)差異,需要統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域資源促使各主體功能區(qū)相互支持、協(xié)調(diào)共存,保障全市社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)在良好生態(tài)環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)上持續(xù)發(fā)展；其三是重點(diǎn)開發(fā)區(qū)超級發(fā)展極核具有超越省界的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響力,需要將區(qū)域服務(wù)空間和資源獲取空間拓展到相鄰省份甚至更遠(yuǎn),區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌的空間范圍也相應(yīng)拓展。 (3)核心-邊緣空間結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展模式是重慶市現(xiàn)階段區(qū)域發(fā)展的主要特征。首先是重慶市主城核心區(qū)的超常發(fā)展,其服務(wù)空間范圍已顯著超出省界,服務(wù)人口數(shù)倍于市域總?cè)丝?從而主城區(qū)成為全市超級發(fā)展極核,與市域次級中心地增長的差距成倍拉大。其次,主城核心區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略合作空間超越省界,到達(dá)鄰省中心城市,甚至更遠(yuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)極核,與市域非核心區(qū)的差異顯著。市域交通干線網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的次中心是邊緣區(qū)高效率國土開發(fā)的首選地,也是主城核心區(qū)輻射整個(gè)市域空間的中轉(zhuǎn)地,因此市域各等級城鎮(zhèn)沿著交通干線成長,集成為市域發(fā)展空間結(jié)構(gòu)的軸帶。核心區(qū)的超常規(guī)模和發(fā)展軸帶的存在,成為各類主體功能區(qū)內(nèi)部發(fā)展空間差異的主導(dǎo)因素。 論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： (1)從多層面的區(qū)域分析論證了以區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展貫穿主體功能區(qū)空間格局形成的必然邏輯,是區(qū)域研究的新探索。論文運(yùn)用這一思路對重慶市主體功能區(qū)空間結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提出統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展方案,闡明了重慶市三類主體功能區(qū)各區(qū)縣為實(shí)現(xiàn)功能目標(biāo)所需的政策措施,為重慶市區(qū)域管理提供了參考依據(jù)。 (2)在新經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)理論框架下構(gòu)建了重慶市區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展的核心-邊緣模型,進(jìn)一步明晰了重慶市區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展空間結(jié)構(gòu)形勢,以及在主體功能目標(biāo)總體要求下,各區(qū)縣對區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展的響應(yīng),豐富了區(qū)域研究理論的實(shí)踐內(nèi)涵。
[Abstract]:At present, the provinces of our country have carried out and completed the provincial main function area planning, the implementation and construction of the regional development pattern based on the main function area, which has become an important task during the "12th Five-Year" development planning of all provinces. Chongqing is the only municipality in the central and Western regions. Regional coordinated development and promotion of reform and opening up have an important strategic position. Chongqing city of large cities, large rural, big reservoir area, Dashan area and ethnic areas are integrated, urban and rural relations, regional relations and ethnic relations are special. Regional development is the necessary requirement for the coordination of the three relations between urban and rural, regional and ethnic groups in Chongqing. The need to provide a demonstration for the whole country's urban and rural reform is to form a new pattern of developing and opening up the coastal and inland linkage, ensuring the ecological environment security of the Yangtze River Basin and implementing the strategy of the western development in depth. The main function area of Chongqing will be put into practice in 2013, and how to promote the formation of the main function with the policy framework of overall development. To optimize the spatial structure of Chongqing's regional development has become an urgent problem.
Although the concept of "main function area" and "overall development" is not adopted abroad, the related research of regional development, regional division of labor and cooperation, regional integration and urban and rural integration is more mature, and many regional research results, such as location theory and core edge theory, have provided rich regional development theory with Chinese characteristics. The domestic research on the main function area, focusing on the division of the main functional areas, the formation mechanism, the implementation of the key issues of policy supporting, and the research on the overall development of the country is the focus on the land, finance, labor and other industrial resources in the city, as well as the overall management of the industrial structure under the demand of the national construction, and the research on the overall management of the industrial structure. How to realize the policy and measures of urban and rural overall planning, how to co-ordinate the regional elements to ensure the realization of the regional development goals, and to ensure the coordinated development of the region is not much, and the development concept of regional coordination to promote the formation of the main functional areas, how to coordinate the regional resources to ensure the functional areas between the main body, the main function area. The coordination of the various parts of the Department has not yet received enough attention.
In this paper, the regional features of regional geography and regional science, regional differentiation, spatial structure optimization and spatial interaction are used to study the regional characteristics of the main functional areas in Chongqing, and the core edge point axis composite structure model of the regional spatial structure in Chongqing is constructed, and the giant Chongqing city is studied by the spatial interaction model. The regional influence of the core city, using the location commercial law and the Gene coefficient method to study the overall difference of regional development in Chongqing, use the Pearson correlation analysis method to develop the comprehensive gap between counties and counties, and carry on the cluster analysis, use the ecological footprint model to calculate the difference of ecological carrying capacity between counties and counties, and further on the basis of the balance model of the main function area. In the end, the spatial interaction model and the spatial cluster analysis model are used to divide the districts and counties of Chongqing into different types.
The main results are as follows:
(1) the national level development strategy takes Chongqing as the polar nucleus of western development, the hub of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and one of the five metropolitan areas. The western region lays stress on building the Chengdu Chongqing Economic Zone, paying more attention to the construction of the reservoir area and the establishment of the minority mountain areas and carrying out the cross province cooperation; the Chongqing city level is fully dependent on the area level. The development foundation and potential of all districts and counties are developed, and the differences between districts and counties are met, and the development goals of urban core area, urban development area, urban development area, ecological conservation area and ecological protection area are put forward.
(2) the urban spatial economic influence of Chongqing can be divided into four grades. The first level is the strong influence area in the city. The influence of Chongqing is more than the sum of the influence of all other cities, including Liang Ping, Wanzhou, Shizhu, Youyang and the west of the total 24 districts; the second is the moderate influence area in the city, and the influence of Chongqing is more than the others. The average value of urban influence includes 7 counties, such as Xiushan, Fengjie, Kaixian and other counties; the third level is the strong influence area of the city, and the influence of Chongqing is more than all other cities, including Sichuan and Guizhou, and the 38 districts and counties of Hubei: the fourth level is the scope of the influence of Chongqing in the city outside the city, including the average value of other cities, including the influence of other cities. Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei are 57 districts and counties.
(3) regional differences in Chongqing city. The spatial pattern of regional development, such as economic development, population and labor, infrastructure construction, land use and ecological carrying capacity, is superimposed, and the three level regional development pattern of "urban modern countryside and ecological two wings" is obtained: the first level is a city core composed of the strong development of the main city area. The heart area: the satellite city of the four district of the second level suburb, the Jiangbei characteristic agriculture, the Jiangnan mining tourism area, the Wanzhou sub center and the Qianjiang sub center; the third level is the Three Gorges Reservoir area and the southeastern characteristic industrial area in the northeast.
(4) the economic population ecological system of Chongqing has a high correlation. The test index of the coupling equation of the spatial distribution of economy and population is up to 0.99. Population, the spatial distribution of the economy and the distance fitting equation of the central Chongqing region, the test index is also up to 0.9: at the same time, the biological bearing capacity and the economic development degree are in the opposite direction. The nine district of the main city owns 67.96% of the city construction land in the city, and the 10 counties in the periphery have more than 60% forest grassland in the city. The city is composed of three parts: the core area of strong development, the ecologically fine periphery and the active development axis.
(5) Chongqing comprehensive development comprehensive zoning is the core area of urbanization, the expansion area of urbanization, the modern agricultural development zone, the ecological and agricultural area and the five regions of the forbidden Development Zone, and equipped with the interval development axis. The main functional areas are divided into three layers according to the optimized area, the fortified area and the cultivation area. According to this method, the districts and counties of Chongqing are divided into the districts and counties. It is the eleven main function type.
(6) from the market, population, land, investment, and ecological aspects, we put forward policy proposals for optimizing the spatial structure of regional co ordinating development.
Through the study of the above contents, the following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) the main function area is a region with complex elements with clear functional objectives. The main function area is a region composed of various elements of economy, population and ecology and the complex correlation between them. This complex association is the main cause of the functional differences between the main functional areas of Chongqing and the functional states between the districts and counties within the main work energy area. The difference between the target difference of the main function area and the regional resources is different and the function is different, so there are different needs of the regional management policy. The same main function area has no difference function target to put forward new requirements for the resource management and distribution in each district and county in the District, and coordinate the resources of the main function area, and promote the district and county to realize the main work work together. The overall regional development should take full account of the differences between the functional objectives of the main functional areas and the current situation of regional development, and to coordinate the regional resources, guide the rational flow of the population, form the level of regional economic development per capita, the level of per capita ecological development, and the function areas of the total social development level of the people. State.
(2) to co-ordinate the management of regional development through the main functional area is the new transformation of the current regional development strategy deployment. One is the objective existence of the development difference between the districts and counties within the main function area. It is necessary to coordinate the regional resources to promote the coordinated development of the districts and counties, and to achieve the functional objectives of the main functional areas, and the other is between the different main functional areas. The difference of function and target needs to co-ordinate regional resources to support each other, coordinate and coexist, ensure the sustainable development of the city's social economy on the basis of good ecological environment, and thirdly, the super development pole of the key development zone has the social and economic influence beyond the provincial boundary, and needs to expand the space and resources of regional service. Expanding to neighboring provinces or even farther, the scope of regional co ordination will expand correspondingly.
(3) the core edge spatial structure development model is the main feature of the regional development at the present stage of Chongqing. First, the supernormal development of the main city of Chongqing City, its service space has exceeded the provincial boundary significantly, the service population is several times the total population of the city, thus the main City has become the super development core of the city, and the secondary center of the city is growing. Secondly, the strategic cooperation space in the core area of the main city goes beyond the provincial boundary, reaches the central city in the neighbouring provinces, even further far from the economic polar nuclei, and is significantly different from the non core district of the city. The sub center of the city traffic trunk network is the first choice for the high efficiency land development in the marginal area, and also the core area of the main city to radiate the whole city space. In turn, the cities and towns in the city are growing along the traffic trunk lines, and they are the axis belts for the spatial structure development of the city. The supernormal scale and the existence of the development axis of the core area have become the leading factors of the spatial differences in the internal development of the main functional areas.
The innovative points of this paper are as follows:
(1) from the multilevel regional analysis, the inevitable logic of the formation of the spatial pattern of the main functional area through regional overall development is demonstrated. It is a new exploration of the regional research. This paper uses this idea to make an overall development plan for the optimization of the spatial structure of the main functional areas in Chongqing, and clarifies the achievement of the three types of main functional areas in the city of Chongqing. The policies and measures needed to achieve the goals provide a reference for Chongqing's regional management.
(2) under the framework of new economic geography, the core edge model of regional overall development in Chongqing is constructed, and the spatial structure of regional overall development in Chongqing is clarified, and the response of each district and county to the overall development of the region has been enriched under the overall requirement of the main function target, which enriches the practical connotation of the regional research theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU984.2

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