本文選題：“新京”建筑 + “滿洲式”　； 參考：《吉林建筑大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市大規(guī)模的歷史變遷、擴大、壯大,帶給人類社會的往往是經(jīng)濟的繁榮發(fā)展、生活的日漸富裕,見證長春二百多年歷史的痕跡卻逐漸消失。城市變化前的印象還是給予我們不小的好奇、驚喜,最直觀的還是我們眼睛所看得到的城市歷史建筑。 1931年中國東北地區(qū)受到日本帝國主義的殖民侵略,被淪為“偽滿洲國”,長春被選作為“首都”,名為“新京”,直至日本1945年8月15日宣布無條件投降,偽滿洲國也隨之滅亡。日本在占領(lǐng)中國東北地區(qū)后,為了達(dá)到長期侵占統(tǒng)治的目的,策劃謀略將“偽滿洲國”打扮成“獨立國家”,所以日本建筑師在長春進(jìn)行了全新的規(guī)劃和設(shè)計。 當(dāng)時在新京設(shè)計的建筑師存在著猶豫,此前長春的建筑基本都是歐美風(fēng)格的復(fù)制,“新京”成立了,尤其是日本統(tǒng)治階級已經(jīng)有了叫板歐美的想法,所以“要有自己的風(fēng)格”成為當(dāng)政者和設(shè)計者的一種責(zé)任感和使命感。由于有了這種想法的體現(xiàn),所以在長春留下了一部分“滿洲式”等建筑形式的建筑,這是在國內(nèi)其它城市幾乎見不到的景到。設(shè)計者以這種建筑形式定為建筑設(shè)計的高度,中國的其它城市也有此類的建筑形式探索嘗試。但長春的偽滿建筑形式與日本和其它流行發(fā)展的建筑形式還是有很多的不同和差別,偽滿時期“新京”的建筑形式更多地融入了中國文化的元素,讓中國人看起來更有“中國化”的特征。 長春偽滿建筑在逐步減少,最終很可能消失,眾多具有歷史價值的現(xiàn)存史料在逐漸遺失,加強和改進(jìn)保護(hù)與利用的措施,實時參考國內(nèi)外優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)驗和先進(jìn)的技術(shù),這些已經(jīng)是迫在眉睫的事情。我們應(yīng)該用辯證的思維去看待這段歷史,重新審視這座城市,使這段特殊的歷史過程發(fā)揮對國家的建設(shè)和發(fā)展有參考價值的正面作用。 相關(guān)研究長春市近代建筑作品的特征與其創(chuàng)作思想方面只是在單獨的研究領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了詳盡的論述與研究,而沒有匯總同時期所出現(xiàn)的其它建筑形式在中國的創(chuàng)作與發(fā)展。本文在對偽滿時期建筑形式特征敘述的同時,把在同時期出現(xiàn)的主流建筑形式與其作為比較,分析之間的相同與差異,更確定了偽滿時期建筑形式在長春城事歷史發(fā)展中的特殊地位。 本文在“新京”建筑的研究中,從偽滿洲國“新京”的建筑類型與實例分析入手,并展開對偽滿洲國“新京”建筑的風(fēng)格趨勢的探討。在研究日本近代建筑對其影響的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行“滿洲式”與“帝冠式”建筑風(fēng)格間的比較；同時對偽滿洲國“新京”建筑與國內(nèi)、外同時期建筑形式進(jìn)行比較,在對偽滿洲國建筑“滿洲式”與中國近代“中國固有形式”、新復(fù)古主義形式、國際現(xiàn)代主義建筑形式的比較中,分析了它們的背景、動機和最終的結(jié)果與成就,定位了偽滿洲國“新京”建筑在中國近代建筑歷史上的位置。發(fā)掘長春城市在歷史發(fā)展中的特色和具有典型性的地方,然后科學(xué)地引導(dǎo)長春未來的城市發(fā)展方向,用獨特的視角對“新京”建筑進(jìn)行價值判斷和歷史評價,從而填補了長春近代文化進(jìn)程的一段空白,而不是一味地避諱二十世紀(jì)三十年代的那一段殖民的歷史,這是十分有益并極重要的。
[Abstract]:The large-scale historical changes, enlargement and expansion of the city are often brought to the human society by the prosperity and development of the economy, the prosperity of life, and the gradual disappearance of the traces of the history of the more than 200 years in Changchun. The impression before the change of the city still gives us a little curiosity, surprise, the most intuitive or the urban history of our eyes. Build.
In 1931, the Northeast China was subjected to the colonial invasion of Japanese imperialism and was reduced to "the puppet Manchuria state". Changchun was chosen as "capital", named "new Beijing", until Japan declared unconditional surrender in August 15, 1945, and the pseudo Manchuria state was perished. The planning strategy has made the "puppet Manchuria state" disguised as an independent country, so Japanese architects have carried out a completely new plan and design in Changchun.
At that time, the architects designed in the new Beijing were hesitant. The buildings in Changchun were basically replicated in European and American style. "Xin Jing" was established. Especially the Japanese ruling class had already called the European and American ideas, so "to have its own style" became a sense of responsibility and a sense of mission for the politicians and designers. The embodiment of the law, therefore, left a part of the "Manchuria" and other architectural forms in Changchun, which is hardly seen in other cities in China. The designers set the architectural form as the height of the architectural design, and the other cities in China also have such architectural forms of exploration. But the form of the puppet building in Changchun and Japan and the Japanese are the same. There are many differences and differences in other popular architectural forms. The architectural form of "Xin Jing" in the period of the puppet Manchu is more integrated into the elements of Chinese culture and makes the Chinese look more "Chinese".
The building of the puppet Manchu in Changchun is gradually decreasing, and eventually it is likely to disappear. Many historical historical materials are lost, the measures to strengthen and improve the protection and utilization, the real time reference to the excellent experience and advanced technology at home and abroad are already imminent. We should think of this history with dialectical thinking. A new look at this city makes this special historical process play a positive and positive role in the construction and development of the country.
The related research on the characteristics of modern architectural works in Changchun and its creative ideas is only detailed and studied in the field of separate research, but it does not summarize the creation and development of other architectural forms in China at the same time. This article, while narrating the shape features of the puppet period, appears at the same time. The mainstream architecture form is compared with the same and the difference between the analysis, and it also determines the special status of the puppet period architecture in the history of Changchun city.
In the study of "Xin Jing" architecture, this paper starts with the analysis of the architectural types and examples of "Xin Jing" in the puppet Manchuria, and explores the style and trend of the "new Beijing" architecture in the pseudo Manchuria country. On the basis of studying the influence of modern Japanese architecture, it compares the architectural style between "Manchuria" and "imperial crown". The pseudo Manchuria "new Beijing" architecture is compared with the architectural form in the same period. In the comparison of the pseudo Manchuria architecture "Manchuria" and the modern Chinese "inherent form", the new form of retro antique, and the international modernist architectural form, the background, motivation, final results and achievements are analyzed, and the puppet Manchuria is located. The position of the "new Beijing" architecture in the history of modern Chinese architecture, excavated the characteristics and typical places of Changchun city in the historical development, and then scientifically guided Changchun's future urban development direction, and made the value judgment and historical evaluation of the "new Beijing" architecture with a unique perspective, thus filling the modern culture in Changchun. It is very useful and important that a blank of Cheng, rather than a taboo of the colonial history of 1930s.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU-092

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