本文選題：應(yīng)急疏散 + 網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：建筑物內(nèi)的人員疏散是應(yīng)急疏散問題中一個重要的研究方向。應(yīng)急疏散的目的是使疏散人員在盡可能短的時間內(nèi)從危險的區(qū)域轉(zhuǎn)移到安全的地方。當(dāng)建筑物內(nèi)有火災(zāi)、有毒氣體泄漏或地震等緊急情況發(fā)生時,建筑物內(nèi)的人員疏散算法可以指導(dǎo)疏散人員在盡可能短的時間內(nèi)完成疏散。通過對建筑物內(nèi)人員疏散過程的建模仿真,可以研究不同的疏散環(huán)境和不同的疏散人員行為對疏散過程和疏散時間的影響。此外,對建筑物人員疏散問題的研究可以指導(dǎo)建筑物設(shè)計,優(yōu)化建筑物的結(jié)構(gòu)使其利于應(yīng)急疏散。 本文對建筑物人員疏散問題中基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的實時疏散算法和基于元胞自動機(jī)模型的行人疏散流仿真兩個方向進(jìn)行了探索,并對其中存在的問題提出了新的算法和模型。主要內(nèi)容有以下兩個部分： 1.基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的遞推實時疏散算法 針對現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型實時疏散算法只能應(yīng)用在單一疏散源的疏散情形,提出可以應(yīng)用在多疏散源多出口的疏散算法。該算法將遞推思想引入到疏散模型中,從單個疏散人員出發(fā),通過遞推得到多疏散源多出口的疏散時間和疏散人員分配方案。同時改進(jìn)隨機(jī)遞推順序,按疏散人員與出口最短距離的升序安排遞推順序,從而得到優(yōu)化的疏散時間和疏散人員分配方案。該算法克服了快速流動控制算法不能應(yīng)用在多疏散源的局限性,同時該算法復(fù)雜度較低,能夠應(yīng)用在實時環(huán)境中。 2.細(xì)分元胞自動機(jī)的混合速度疏散流仿真 多數(shù)元胞自動機(jī)模型中,疏散人員都按照相同的移動速度進(jìn)行疏散,但在實際疏散環(huán)境中,疏散人員由于性別和年齡不同而擁有不同的移動速度。為了研究混合速度行人疏散流的疏散特征,對傳統(tǒng)模型進(jìn)行改進(jìn)得到細(xì)分元胞自動機(jī)模型,然后將高速和低速兩種不同速度的疏散人員加入到改進(jìn)的細(xì)分模型中。在整個疏散過程中,高速和低速疏散人員可以使用不同的疏散策略,通過對使用不同疏散策略的疏散流的仿真分析,得到符合實際情況的最佳疏散策略。然后使用動態(tài)權(quán)重并結(jié)合最佳的疏散策略對多出口條件下的混合速度行人疏散流進(jìn)行仿真,分析疏散流在高低速疏散人員比例不同,疏散流密度不同時的疏散時間。
[Abstract]:Evacuation in buildings is an important research direction in emergency evacuation. The purpose of emergency evacuation is to move evacuees from hazardous areas to safe places in as short a time as possible. When fire, toxic gas leakage or earthquake occur in the building, the evacuation algorithm in the building can guide the evacuees to complete the evacuation in as short a time as possible. By modeling and simulating the evacuation process in the building, the influence of different evacuation environment and behavior on the evacuation process and evacuation time can be studied. In addition, the study on the evacuation of building personnel can guide the design of buildings and optimize the structure of buildings to facilitate emergency evacuation. In this paper, the real-time evacuation algorithm based on network model and the simulation of pedestrian evacuation flow based on cellular automata model are explored, and a new algorithm and model are proposed. The main content has the following two parts: 1. Recursive real time evacuation algorithm based on network model. The existing real time evacuation algorithm of network model can only be applied in the case of a single evacuation source, and an evacuation algorithm can be applied to multiple evacuation sources and multiple exits. The algorithm introduces the recursive idea into the evacuation model and obtains the evacuation time and the evacuation allocation scheme of multiple evacuation sources and exits from a single evacuator. At the same time, the random recursive sequence is improved, and the recursive order is arranged according to the ascending order of the shortest distance between the evacuees and the exits, and the optimal evacuation time and evacuation personnel allocation scheme are obtained. The algorithm overcomes the limitation that the fast flow control algorithm can not be applied to multiple evacuation sources, and the complexity of the algorithm is low, and it can be used in real time environment. Simulation of mixed Velocity evacuation flow of subdivided Cellular Automata in most Cellular Automata models, the evacuees are evacuated at the same moving speed, but in the actual evacuation environment, Evacuees move at different speeds depending on gender and age. In order to study the evacuation characteristics of mixed velocity pedestrian evacuation flow, the subdivision cellular automata model is obtained by improving the traditional model, and then two kinds of high speed and low speed evacuees are added to the improved subdivision model. In the whole evacuation process, different evacuation strategies can be used for high speed and low speed evacuees, and the optimal evacuation strategy is obtained by simulation analysis of evacuation flow using different evacuation strategies. Then the dynamic weight and optimal evacuation strategy are used to simulate the mixed velocity pedestrian evacuation flow under the condition of multiple exits. The evacuation time of the evacuation flow with different ratio of high and low speed evacuees and different density of evacuation flow is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU998.1;TP391.9

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號：2045244