本文選題：公眾聚集場(chǎng)所 + 火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)　； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來，我國的城市化發(fā)展非常迅速，這也導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在很多城市的人口數(shù)量和建筑密度都很大。作為城市的主要建筑場(chǎng)所——公眾聚集場(chǎng)所，它的空間巨大，可燃物多，功能多樣，人員基數(shù)多且群體復(fù)雜，潛在危險(xiǎn)源多，如果發(fā)生火災(zāi)，而在相關(guān)的消防管理和應(yīng)急處置方面救援不當(dāng)，，將會(huì)演變成一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難，后果影響范圍極大。當(dāng)今，我們身邊也發(fā)生著各種各樣的火災(zāi)事故，那么應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)公眾聚集場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行科學(xué)、合理的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估，為火災(zāi)的預(yù)防與控制提供有效的依據(jù)，對(duì)這個(gè)問題的探討是一個(gè)有意義的方向。 本文通過對(duì)大量公眾聚集場(chǎng)所充分調(diào)查與分析，尋找對(duì)公眾聚集場(chǎng)所的火災(zāi)產(chǎn)生影響的因素，建立火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系，確定各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重并將其進(jìn)行定量化，最終構(gòu)建起火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的數(shù)學(xué)模型，對(duì)公眾聚集場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行量化評(píng)估，得出消防安全評(píng)估結(jié)論，從而根據(jù)公眾聚集場(chǎng)所的特點(diǎn)提出科學(xué)、合理、可行的控制對(duì)策。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： （1）建立適用于公共聚集場(chǎng)所的火災(zāi)安全性評(píng)估方法。在研究大量先關(guān)的資料基礎(chǔ)之上，總結(jié)目前的公眾聚集場(chǎng)所火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的研究現(xiàn)狀，以此作為本問的研究路線，貫穿全文。 （2）建立公眾聚集場(chǎng)所火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指標(biāo)的體系。對(duì)公眾聚集場(chǎng)所火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析，從問題出發(fā)，尋找風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的影響因素與作用機(jī)理，構(gòu)建公眾聚集場(chǎng)所的評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系。 （3）構(gòu)建公眾聚集場(chǎng)所火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的數(shù)學(xué)模型，并進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析。在公眾聚集場(chǎng)所火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系的基礎(chǔ)上，建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的數(shù)學(xué)模型，通過對(duì)專家評(píng)語的模糊評(píng)價(jià)與證據(jù)化處理，確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估等級(jí)。同時(shí)，以常德市鼎城區(qū)橋南大市場(chǎng)特大火災(zāi)事故調(diào)研和分析所獲的數(shù)據(jù)和資料為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合本文所構(gòu)建的指標(biāo)及模型進(jìn)行實(shí)例演算與分析，從而驗(yàn)證本文提出的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估方法的可行性與合理性。 （4）通過管理的創(chuàng)新，完善公眾聚集場(chǎng)所火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的控制對(duì)策。通過從制度、監(jiān)督模式、加強(qiáng)中介機(jī)構(gòu)的參與性等不同角度來補(bǔ)充對(duì)策的完整性，最終為公共聚集場(chǎng)所的消防安全管理提供參考和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization has developed very rapidly, which has led to the population and building density of many cities are very large. As the main building site of the city, the public gathering place, it has a huge space, many combustible materials, various functions, a large number of people and a complex group, and there are many potential hazards, if there is a fire, However, improper rescue in related fire management and emergency management will turn into a serious disaster, and the consequences will have a great impact. Nowadays, there are a variety of fire accidents around us, so how to carry out scientific and reasonable fire risk assessment in public gathering places to provide effective basis for fire prevention and control, The discussion of this problem is a meaningful direction. Through the investigation and analysis of a large number of public gathering places, this paper finds out the factors that affect the fire in the public gathering places, and establishes the fire risk assessment index system. Finally, the mathematical model of fire risk assessment is constructed, and the quantitative evaluation of public gathering place is carried out, and the conclusion of fire safety assessment is obtained, which is scientific according to the characteristics of public gathering place. Reasonable and feasible control countermeasures. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) establishing a fire safety assessment method for public gathering places. On the basis of studying a large number of related data, this paper summarizes the present research status of fire risk assessment in public gathering sites, which is taken as the research route of this question and runs through the full text. 2) establishing the fire risk assessment index system of public gathering sites. Based on the analysis of the present situation of fire risk management in public gathering places, this paper tries to find out the influencing factors and mechanism of risk assessment from the point of view of the problems. The mathematical model of fire risk assessment in public gathering place is constructed, and an example is analyzed. Based on the index system of fire risk assessment in public gathering place, the mathematical model of risk assessment is established, and the grade of risk assessment is determined by fuzzy evaluation and evidential treatment of expert evaluation. At the same time, based on the data and data obtained from the investigation and analysis of the catastrophic fire accident in Qiongnan Market in Dingcheng District, Changde City, combined with the indexes and models constructed in this paper, the examples are calculated and analyzed. Therefore, the feasibility and rationality of the risk assessment method proposed in this paper are verified. 4) through the innovation of management, the control countermeasures of fire risk in public gathering place are improved. The integrality of the countermeasures can be supplemented from different angles such as system, supervision mode, and the participation of intermediary organizations, so as to provide a reference and basis for the fire safety management of public gathering places.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1

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本文編號(hào)：2009454