本文選題：龍卷風(fēng) + CFD數(shù)值模擬　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：龍卷風(fēng)作為雷暴等極端氣候的產(chǎn)物，有著生消迅速、難于監(jiān)控、威力驚人等特點(diǎn)，且其在全球范圍分布廣泛并有隨氣候惡化而愈加頻繁出現(xiàn)的趨勢。人類通過災(zāi)后調(diào)查、雷達(dá)觀測等手段已積累了較為豐富的龍卷風(fēng)預(yù)報(bào)經(jīng)驗(yàn)并完善了相應(yīng)的防范機(jī)制，但是龍卷風(fēng)復(fù)雜的流場結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣的破壞模式使得研究人員很難在短期內(nèi)完全了解其發(fā)生機(jī)理及作用方式。本文采用基于計(jì)算流體動力學(xué)（CFD）的數(shù)值模擬研究龍卷風(fēng)場下近地面處流場結(jié)構(gòu)及其對建筑物風(fēng)荷載的影響。本文的系統(tǒng)研究成果為建筑物的抗龍卷風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)提供嶄新的途徑和手段，豐富和發(fā)展結(jié)構(gòu)抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)理論。本文具體研究內(nèi)容如下： 通過分析現(xiàn)有龍卷風(fēng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬裝置，基于通用商業(yè)CFD軟件建立了龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)生裝置的數(shù)值模型，基于柱坐標(biāo)的流場計(jì)算域包括三個(gè)子區(qū)域：底部入流區(qū)、中部對流區(qū)及上部出流區(qū)。 以Spencer龍卷風(fēng)的雷達(dá)實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)作為入口邊界條件，力求再現(xiàn)真實(shí)的龍卷風(fēng)風(fēng)場，，并著重研究了影響龍卷風(fēng)特性的網(wǎng)格劃分、湍流模型和邊界條件等CFD數(shù)值模擬方面的影響因素，從而確立了龍卷風(fēng)風(fēng)場CFD數(shù)值模擬的相關(guān)參數(shù)。 研究入口風(fēng)速剖面和入射角剖面的變化對龍卷風(fēng)風(fēng)場結(jié)構(gòu)的影響規(guī)律，進(jìn)而獲得不同尺度和不同強(qiáng)度的龍卷風(fēng)風(fēng)場模擬方法，采用核心半徑刻畫龍卷風(fēng)風(fēng)場的尺度，采用最大切向速度刻畫龍卷風(fēng)風(fēng)場的強(qiáng)度，并通過渦流比沿高度變化規(guī)律闡釋實(shí)際不同形狀龍卷風(fēng)的形成規(guī)律。 研究龍卷風(fēng)風(fēng)場中單體建筑物的風(fēng)荷載分布特性，考慮了建筑物所處距離龍卷風(fēng)中心處不同位置和不同風(fēng)向角對建筑物表面風(fēng)壓系數(shù)和整體風(fēng)力系數(shù)的影響，通過后處理展示出不同風(fēng)向角下建筑物表面的3D渦結(jié)構(gòu)圖，更好地闡述了龍卷風(fēng)風(fēng)場與建筑物的相互作用機(jī)理。
[Abstract]:As a result of the extreme weather, such as thunderstorms, tornado has the characteristics of rapid growth and elimination, difficult to monitor, powerful power and so on. It is widely distributed worldwide and has a tendency to appear more frequently with climate deterioration. But the complexity of the tornado flow structure and various failure modes makes it difficult for researchers to fully understand the mechanism and mode of action in the short term. In this paper, a numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to study the structure of the flow field near the tornado field and its influence on the wind load of the building. The systematic research results of this paper provide a new way and means for the design of building anti tornado, and enrich and develop the design theory of wind resistant structure.
Through the analysis of the laboratory simulator of the current tornado, a numerical model of the tornado generator is established based on the general commercial CFD software. The flow field based on the column coordinates consists of three subregions: the bottom inflow area, the central convective area and the upper outflow area.
Using the radar measured data of Spencer tornado as the entrance boundary condition, the real tornado wind field is reproduced, and the factors affecting the CFD numerical simulation of the tornado characteristics such as grid division, turbulence model and boundary condition are emphatically studied, and the relevant parameters of the CFD numerical simulation of the wind wind field of the tornado wind are established.
The influence of wind velocity profile and incident angle profile on the structure of tornado wind field is studied, and the simulation method of tornado wind field with different scales and different intensities is obtained. The core radius is used to describe the scale of tornado wind field, and the intensity of tornado wind field is depicted by the maximum tangential velocity, and the variation of eddy current ratio along the height is changed. The law explains the formation law of tornadoes in different shapes.
The wind load distribution characteristics of the single building in tornado wind field are studied, and the influence of different positions and different wind angles on the wind pressure coefficient and the overall wind coefficient of the building surface is considered. The 3D vortex structure of the building surface under different wind direction is displayed by post treatment, and the Dragon is better elaborated on the dragon. The interaction mechanism of wind wind field and building.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU312.1

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