本文選題：高層建筑 + 自然通風(fēng)�。� 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的加快和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,城市化進(jìn)程加快。高密度的城市人口、建筑、工業(yè)和交通使城市氣候嚴(yán)重破壞,導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的城市環(huán)境問(wèn)題。頻繁出現(xiàn)的城市極端高溫事件、城市污染事件和突發(fā)性流行性疾病傳播等環(huán)境問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重威脅著城市居民的生活、工作和健康,如2003年的SARS、2006年的禽流感和2009年的H1N1流感等疾病的發(fā)生給城市居民帶來(lái)了極大的安全隱患甚至是生命威脅,引起了人們對(duì)流行性疾病的恐慌和恐懼。高密度高層建筑作為城市發(fā)展的標(biāo)志,周圍的大氣環(huán)境極其復(fù)雜,熱與污染物能在不同建筑樓層之間進(jìn)行交叉感染。研究熱量與污染物在高層建筑中的傳輸行為與機(jī)理對(duì)于改善城市空氣環(huán)境、控制熱、污染物及疾病傳輸有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文用計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)(CFD)數(shù)值方法研究了由熱壓引起的自然通風(fēng)條件下不同建筑樓層問(wèn)熱、氣態(tài)污染物和顆粒物的傳輸行為,其中用顆粒物的傳輸表征了流行性疾病的空氣傳播。首先建立了兩種不同開窗模式的多層建筑物理模型；然后計(jì)算了建筑室內(nèi)外空氣流動(dòng)、溫度及污染物濃度的分布特征；并討論了不同開窗方式、熱源和污染源的強(qiáng)度和污染源的物性參數(shù)等因素對(duì)傳輸特征的影響；最后得出了熱量、氣態(tài)污染物和顆粒物在不同樓層的跨層傳輸行為與特性。 論文研究結(jié)果如下：(1)不同樓層之間流動(dòng)相互影響,底層排出的熱與污染物會(huì)進(jìn)入到上層房間,引起上層房間的溫度和污染物濃度較高；(2)不同的開窗方式對(duì)熱與污染物的傳輸行為有重要影響,單側(cè)雙開口建筑樓層之間的相互影響較一個(gè)開口建筑更強(qiáng),使上層房間更容易受到底層房間熱源與污染源的影響。對(duì)于熱與污染物的傳輸,分別有不同的傳輸特征：首先,對(duì)于熱量傳輸,溫度隨著樓層的增加而升高；其次,對(duì)于污染物傳輸,污染源強(qiáng)度和熱源強(qiáng)度有重要的影響,并且強(qiáng)度越大,流動(dòng)越強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致上層房間越容易受到底層污染物的影響；最后,對(duì)于顆粒物傳輸,流動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和顆粒物粒徑有重要的影響,流動(dòng)越弱,上層房間內(nèi)小粒徑顆粒物數(shù)量越多,流動(dòng)越強(qiáng),則上層房間內(nèi)粗顆粒物數(shù)量越多。 論文研究表明,在熱壓引起的自然通風(fēng)條件下,不同建筑樓層之間的空氣流動(dòng)導(dǎo)致了熱與污染物的跨層傳輸,這對(duì)于建筑節(jié)能及控制疾病的傳播具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of urban infrastructure construction and rapid economic development, the process of urbanization accelerated. High density of urban population, construction, industry and traffic cause severe damage to urban climate and serious urban environmental problems. Environmental problems such as frequent urban extreme high temperature events, urban pollution events and the spread of sudden epidemic diseases pose a serious threat to the life, work and health of urban residents. For example, the occurrence of SARS in 2003, avian flu in 2006 and H1N1 flu in 2009 have brought great safety risks and even life threats to urban residents, causing people to panic and fear epidemic diseases. High-density high-rise buildings as a symbol of urban development, the surrounding atmospheric environment is extremely complex, heat and pollutants can be cross-infection between different building floors. It is of great practical significance to study the transport behavior and mechanism of heat and pollutants in high-rise buildings for improving urban air environment, controlling heat, pollutant and disease transmission. In this paper, the transport behavior of heat, gaseous pollutants and particulate matter in different building floors under natural ventilation induced by hot pressing is studied by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical method. The airborne transmission of epidemic diseases is characterized by the transport of particulate matter. In this paper, two kinds of multi-story building physical models with different window opening modes are established, then the distribution characteristics of air flow, temperature and pollutant concentration inside and outside the building are calculated, and the different window opening methods are discussed. The effects of the intensity of heat source and pollution source and the physical parameters of pollution source on the transport characteristics are discussed. Finally, the transmembrane transport behavior and characteristics of heat, gaseous pollutants and particulates in different floors are obtained. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the flow between different floors affects each other, and the heat and pollutants emitted from the bottom will enter the upper room. The temperature and concentration of pollutants in the upper room are higher than that in the upper room. (2) different window opening methods have an important effect on the heat and pollutant transport behavior, and the interaction between the floors of the building with one side and two openings is stronger than that of the building with one opening. Make the upper room more vulnerable to the bottom room heat source and pollution sources. For heat and pollutant transport, there are different transport characteristics: first, for heat transfer, the temperature increases with the increase of floor; secondly, for pollutant transmission, pollution source intensity and heat source intensity have an important effect. And the higher the intensity, the stronger the flow, and the more vulnerable the upper room is to the bottom layer pollutants. Finally, for the transport of particles, the flow intensity and particle size have an important effect, the flow is weaker, The more small particle size and the stronger flow in upper room, the more coarse particles in upper room. The research shows that under the condition of natural ventilation caused by hot pressing, the air flow between different building floors leads to the cross-layer transmission of heat and pollutants, which is of great significance for building energy saving and disease control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X51;TU834

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本文編號(hào)：1985678