本文選題：鋁鹽混凝劑 + 殘留鋁組分��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：本論文在綜述國內(nèi)外大量文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,首先建立并確定了凈化水中不同組分殘留鋁的分離及測定方法,然后針對腐植酸-高嶺土模擬地表水和不同季節(jié)引黃水庫水的特點,對比研究了混凝劑種類、混凝劑合成條件、混凝劑投加量、水體初始pH及水力條件對混凝效果、殘留鋁含量、殘留鋁組分及余鋁率的影響；從混凝效果和不同組分殘留鋁含量分別確定了各鋁鹽混凝劑處理不同地表水的最佳投加量以及最佳處理pH,并明確了各鋁鹽混凝劑在不同季節(jié)引黃水庫水處理中的最佳作用水力條件；同時分析了影響殘留鋁含量的主要因素,探討了混凝效果(絮體特性操作參數(shù))與各組分殘留鋁濃度之間的關(guān)系。主要結(jié)論如下： 1.在腐植酸-高嶺土模擬地表水混凝處理中,氯化鋁、硫酸鋁和聚合氯化鋁(PAC)在不同投加量下的濁度和UV254去除率最高可達(dá)90%左右；PAC投加量較高時混凝效果較好,其混凝出水巾殘留總鋁量(約為0.9mg/L)和余鋁率(-3.0%)均是三種混凝劑巾最低的,且PAC能夠有效降低出水巾毒性較大的溶解性鋁的含量(約為0.6mg／L)；在pH為6.0-7.0之間,氯化鋁、硫酸鋁和PAC的濁度去除率分別可達(dá)到94%,91.5%和90.5%,UV254去除率可分別達(dá)到87%,88.5%和82%；不同pH下PAC混凝出水中殘留鋁含量及余鋁率最低；三種混凝劑在投加量范圍為10-12mg／L下處理腐植酸-高嶺土模擬地表水時可以取得最佳的混凝去除效果和最低的殘留鋁含量；但它們?nèi)〉米罴鸦炷Ч妥畹蜌埩翡X含量的pH范圍分別為6.0-7.0和7.0-8.0；三種混凝劑凈化后水中殘留鋁均大部分以溶解性總鋁的形式存在(約60%-80%),溶解性有機鋁在總?cè)芙庑凿X巾所占比例較大,溶解性單體鋁組分基本均為溶解性無機單體鋁。 2.PAC更適于春秋季節(jié)引黃水庫水混凝處理,不同投加量和pH下具有比傳統(tǒng)氯化鋁混凝去除率更高、電中和能力更強、殘留鋁含量更低、混凝劑本身余鋁率更低和對水體pH改變的適應(yīng)性更強的優(yōu)點；氯化鋁和PAC的電中和能力在酸性條件下更強,兩種混凝劑混凝出水中大部分是親水性有機物,增加投加量以及中性和偏堿性條件更利于疏水性有機物的去除；不同條件下PAC中的鋁不易殘留,余鋁率均明顯低于氯化鋁的余鋁率,但其混凝出水中溶解性有機結(jié)合鋁含量較高；PAC在春秋季節(jié)引黃水庫水處理中,取得較好混凝效果的堿化度(B)為2.0、投加量范圍為12-15mg/L、初始水體pH為6.0左右；凈化后水中殘留鋁均大部分以溶解性總鋁的形式存在,且溶解性有機鋁在總?cè)芙庑凿X中所占比例較大,溶解性單體鋁主要以溶解性無機單體鋁為主；各組分殘留鋁濃度及混凝劑余鋁率均在投加量為12～15mg/L、pH為7.0-8.5下較低,可有效控制混凝出水中的殘留鋁含量；此外,B值為2.0的PAC在春季水庫水處理巾余鋁率較低。 3.在冬季低溫低濁引黃水庫水處理中,聚硅氯化鋁(PASiC)以吸附架橋和卷掃絮凝為主，B值為2.0、硅鋁摩爾比為0.05時PASiC具有更好的混凝效果和更低的殘留鋁含量；不論B值和硅鋁摩爾比如何變化,PASiC均在投加量范圍為12-15mg/L、初始pH為6.0-7.0時對引黃水庫水中的濁度和有機物具有良好的去除效果,而在投加量為10～15mg/L、初始pH為7.0-8.5下PASiC混凝后水巾含有較低濃度的殘留鋁；PASiC更適宜于去除水庫水巾疏水性和具有芳香族特性的大分子有機物;PASiC在冬季低溫低濁引黃水庫水處理中,混凝出水巾殘留鋁中大部分是總?cè)芙庑凿X,在總?cè)芙庑凿X中溶解性單體鋁的成分最大,溶解性單體鋁主要以溶解性無機單體鋁為主;同使用PAC處理春秋季引黃水庫水相比,使用PASiC(?)昆凝處理冬季低溫低濁引黃水庫水時混凝劑的最佳投加量較高 4.在夏季高藻引黃水庫水處理中,向PAC中引入聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨(PDMDAAC)后制備出的聚合氯化鋁-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨(PAC-PDMDAAC)復(fù)合混凝劑的混凝特性受無機有機組分質(zhì)量比(MR值)及B值的影響,B值為2.0、MR值為4：1時復(fù)合混凝劑的混凝效果較好；PAC-PDMDAAC處理夏季高藻引黃水庫水的最佳投加量為6mg/L,最佳水體pH為6.0左右；B值為2.0、MR值為4：1的PAC-PDMDAAC()昆凝出水巾不同組分殘留鋁含量較低,更易降低出水中殘留鋁的濃度；投加量與pH值對復(fù)合混凝劑在水體中的殘留鋁量有一定的影響,在投加量為6-8mg／L、初始pH為7.0-8.5的條件下可有效控制凈化水中殘留鋁含量；混凝劑混凝出水中殘留鋁中大部分是總?cè)芙庑弯X,總?cè)芙庑凿X溶解性有機鋁成分最大,溶解性單體鋁主要以溶解性無機單體鋁為主。 5.總鋁、總?cè)芙庑凿X、溶解性單體鋁及溶解性有機鋁的濃度隨混凝沉淀水力條件的變化呈現(xiàn)出了不同的變化規(guī)律；從殘留鋁含量及組分分布來看,快速攪拌強度、快攪時間、慢速攪拌強度、慢速攪拌時間和沉淀時間對水中不同組分殘留鋁的含量具有不同程度的影響。使用PAC和PASiC處理相應(yīng)季節(jié)引黃水庫水中選擇快速攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速為200r/min、快速攪拌時間為1min、慢速攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速為40r/min、慢速攪拌時間為15min時對不同組分殘留鋁的控制效果最佳；使用PAC-PDMDAAC處理夏季引黃水庫水巾選擇快速攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速為100～200r/min、快速攪拌時間為1min、慢速攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速為40～50r/min、慢速攪拌時間為15～20min、時能夠使PAC-PDMDAAC(?)爭化后水中含有較低濃度的殘留鋁：相對于混凝過程,沉淀過程對殘留鋁組分的影響略小。綜合考慮水處理工藝的實際運行情況及不同殘留鋁組分的濃度,在使用不同的鋁鹽混凝劑處理相應(yīng)季節(jié)引黃水庫水中應(yīng)選擇沉淀時間為30min較好。 6.使用同種混凝劑在不同水體pH下處理引黃水庫水時存在一個最佳粒徑、強度、生長速度和濁度去除率使凈化后水中總鋁和顆粒態(tài)鋁濃度最低。復(fù)合混凝劑中MR=2：1時最佳粒徑為335～347μm、最佳生長速度為35.2～35.7μm/min、最佳絮體強度為30、最適濁度去除率為75.2%-76.1%；MR=4：1時該最佳粒徑為342-381μm、最佳生長速度為38.5～47.7μm/min、最佳絮體強度為26、最適濁度去除率為78.6%-80.9%；MR=8：1時該最佳粒徑為278～300μm、最佳生長速度為32.1-33.7μm/min、最佳絮體強度為33、最適濁度去除率為74.6%-75.1%。在某一水體pH下采用具有不同MR值的復(fù)合混凝劑處理引黃水庫水時,絮體粒徑和生長速度越大、強度越低、濁度去除率越高,相應(yīng)組分殘留鋁濃度尤其是顆粒態(tài)鋁濃度越低；顆粒態(tài)鋁濃度與絮體粒徑或生長速度之間均呈現(xiàn)較明顯的負(fù)線性相關(guān)性,其與絮體強度之間呈現(xiàn)較明顯的正線性相關(guān)性；同種混凝劑下影響殘留鋁濃度的最主要因素是pH變化引起鋁溶解度的變化；在某水體pH下采用不同MR值的混凝劑處理引黃水庫水時影響鋁濃度的最主要因素是混凝去除效果；溶解態(tài)有機結(jié)合部分殘留鋁的濃度與有機物去除率之間以及顆粒組分殘留鋁濃度與濁度去除率之間均呈現(xiàn)較弱的負(fù)線性相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:On the basis of a large number of documents at home and abroad, this paper first established and determined the separation and determination of the residual aluminum in different components of the purified water. Then, in view of the characteristics of humic acid kaolin in the simulation of surface water and the water of the Yellow River Reservoir in different seasons, the coagulant species, the conditions of coagulant synthesis, the dosage of coagulant and the water body were compared. The effect of initial pH and hydraulic conditions on the coagulation effect, the residual aluminum content, the residual aluminum composition and the residual aluminum ratio, and the optimum dosage and the optimal treatment pH for the treatment of different surface water by the aluminum salt coagulant from the coagulation effect and the residual aluminum content of different components, and the water treatment of various aluminum salt coagulants in different seasons of the Yellow River reservoir, respectively. At the same time, the main factors affecting the content of residual aluminum were analyzed, and the relationship between the coagulation effect (the operating parameters of floc characteristics) and the residual aluminum concentration in each component was discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. in the mixture of humic acid and kaolin simulated surface water, the turbidity and UV254 removal rates of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and poly aluminum chloride (PAC) are up to about 90% in different dosage, and the coagulation effect is better when the dosage of PAC is higher, and the residual total aluminum content (about 0.9mg/L) and the residual aluminum ratio (-3.0%) of the coagulated water towel are three kinds of coagulant towels At the lowest level, PAC can effectively reduce the content of dissolved aluminum (about 0.6mg / L) in the effluent towel, and the turbidity removal rate of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and PAC can reach 94%, 91.5% and 90.5% respectively in pH 6.0-7.0, and the removal rate of UV254 can reach 87%, 88.5% and 82% respectively; the residual aluminum content and residual aluminum in water under different pH are coagulated under different pH. The three coagulants can obtain the best coagulation removal effect and the lowest residual aluminum content when the three coagulants treat humic acid and kaolin under the dosage range of 10-12mg / L, but the optimum coagulation effect and the minimum residual aluminum content are 6.0-7.0 and 7.0-8.0, respectively, and the three coagulants are purified after the water. Most of the residual aluminum exists in the form of total dissolved aluminum (about 60%-80%), and the proportion of dissolved organic aluminum in total dissolved aluminum is larger, and the soluble monomer aluminum is basically dissolved inorganic aluminum.
2.PAC is more suitable for water coagulation treatment in the spring and autumn season. Under different dosage and pH, the removal rate of coagulation is higher than that of traditional aluminum chloride, the electric neutralization capacity is stronger, the residual aluminum content is lower, the coagulant itself has a lower aluminum ratio and the adaptability to the water pH change is stronger. The electric neutralization capacity of aluminum chloride and PAC is under the acid condition. Most of the two coagulants in the coagulant effluent are hydrophilic organic matter. Increasing the dosage and neutral and alkaline conditions is more conducive to the removal of hydrophobic organic matter. Under different conditions, the aluminum in PAC is not easy to remain, and the residual aluminum ratio is obviously lower than that of aluminum chloride, but the content of dissolved organic aluminum in coagulant water is higher; P In the water treatment of the Yellow River Diversion reservoir in the spring and autumn season, the alkalinity (B) of better coagulation effect was 2, the dosage range was 12-15mg/L and the initial water body pH was about 6. The residual aluminum in the water after purification was mostly dissolved in the form of total dissolved aluminum, and the proportion of dissolved organic aluminum in total dissolved aluminum was larger, and the soluble monomer aluminum was main. The residual aluminum concentration and the residual aluminum ratio of the coagulant are 12 ~ 15mg/L and pH under 7.0-8.5, which can effectively control the residual aluminum content in the coagulant effluent. In addition, the PAC of the B value of 2 is lower in the spring reservoir water treatment towel.
3. in the water treatment of low temperature and low turbidity yellow reservoir in winter, polysilicon chloride aluminum chloride (PASiC) is mainly adsorbed on bridge and scavenging flocculation, B value is 2, and the molar ratio of silicon aluminum to 0.05 PASiC has better coagulation effect and lower residual aluminum content. No matter how the B value and the molar ratio of silicon aluminum change, PASiC is 12-15mg/L in the dosage range, and the initial pH is 6. -7.0 has a good removal effect on turbidity and organic matter in the water of the Yellow River, while the dosage is 10 ~ 15mg/L, and the initial pH is 7.0-8.5 PASiC mixing with a lower concentration of residual aluminum; PASiC is more suitable for removing the hydrophobicity of the reservoir water towel and the macromolecular organic matter with aromatic characteristics; PASiC is low temperature and low turbidity in winter. In the water treatment of the Yellow River reservoir, most of the residual aluminum in the coagulated water towel is total dissolved aluminum, and the composition of dissolved monomer aluminum in total dissolved aluminum is the largest. The soluble monomer aluminum is mainly dissolved inorganic monomer aluminum. Compared with the use of PAC in the spring and autumn season yellow river reservoir water, PASiC (?) Kun condensate is used to treat the low temperature and low turbidity yellow reservoir in winter. The best dosage of coagulant is higher in water
4. in the water treatment of high algal yellow reservoir in summer, the coagulation characteristics of polyaluminum chloride poly two methyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PAC-PDMDAAC) compound coagulant prepared from PAC after the introduction of polymethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) into the Yellow River reservoir water is affected by the mass ratio of the inorganic units (MR) and B, the B value is 2, and the MR value is 4:1. The coagulant effect of the agent is better; the optimum dosage of PAC-PDMDAAC to treat the water of the high algae Yellow River in summer is 6mg/L, the optimum water body pH is about 6, the B value is 2, the PAC-PDMDAAC () of PAC-PDMDAAC () of 4:1 in the PAC-PDMDAAC () Kun Ning water towel is lower, and the concentration of the residual aluminum in the effluent can be reduced more easily; the dosage and pH value are used for the compound coagulant in the water. The residual aluminum content in the body has a certain influence. The residual aluminum content in the purified water can be effectively controlled under the dosage of 6-8mg / L and the initial pH 7.0-8.5. The most of the residual aluminum in the coagulant coagulating water is total dissolved aluminum, the total dissolved aluminum dissolved in the total dissolved aluminum is the largest, and the soluble monomer aluminum is mainly dissolved inorganic monomer. Aluminum is the main.
5. the concentration of total aluminum, total dissolved aluminum, dissolved monomer aluminum and dissolved organic aluminum varied with the change of hydraulic conditions. From the content of residual aluminum and the distribution of components, the fast stirring intensity, fast stirring time, slow stirring intensity, slow stirring time and precipitation time were used for the residual aluminum in different water components. The effect of PAC and PASiC on the selection of rapid stirring speed of 200r/min, rapid stirring time of 1min, slow stirring speed of 40r/min, and slow stirring time of 40r/min and 15min for different components of residual aluminum in the water diversion reservoir water in the corresponding season are the best, and the use of PAC-PDMDAAC to treat the summer yellow reservoir in the Yellow River with PAC-PDMDAAC is used. The quick stirring speed of 100 ~ 200r/min, rapid stirring time of 1min, slow stirring speed of 40 ~ 50r/min and slow stirring time of 15 ~ 20min can cause PAC-PDMDAAC (?) to contain low concentration of residual aluminum in water, and the influence of precipitation process on residual aluminum composition is slight. To deal with the actual operation of the process and the concentration of different residual aluminum components, the precipitation time should be 30min better when using different aluminum salt coagulants to treat the water diversion reservoir water in the corresponding season.
6. when using the same coagulant to treat the water of the Yellow River Reservoir under the pH of different water bodies, there is a best particle size, the strength, the growth rate and the removal rate of turbidity make the concentration of the total aluminum and the granular aluminum in the water the lowest. The optimum particle size is 335~347 mu m in the compound coagulant, the optimum growth rate is 35.2 to 35.7 mu m/min, and the optimum floc strength is the strength of the flocculant. 30, the optimum removal rate of turbidity is 75.2%-76.1%, and the optimum particle size is 342-381 mu m, the optimum growth rate is 38.5 ~ 47.7 mu m/min, the optimum floc strength is 26, the optimum turbidity removal rate is 78.6%-80.9%, the optimum particle size is 278~300 m, the optimum growth rate is 32.1-33.7 u m/min, the optimum floc strength is 33, the optimum turbidity is 33, and the optimum turbidity is the best. When the removal rate is 74.6%-75.1%. in a water pH with different MR values of compound coagulant, the larger the particle size and growth speed of the floc, the lower the intensity, the higher the turbidity removal rate, the lower the residual aluminum concentration in the corresponding components, especially the particle aluminum concentration, and the grain state aluminum concentration and the floc size or growth speed. There is a obvious negative linear correlation, which has a obvious positive linear correlation with the strength of the floc; the most important factor affecting the residual aluminum concentration under the same coagulant is the change of the solubility of aluminum caused by pH, and the main cause of the effect of the coagulant with different MR values under the pH of a water body to treat the water in the yellow water reservoir There is a weak negative linear correlation between the concentration of partial residual aluminum and the removal rate of organic matter as well as the residual aluminum concentration and turbidity removal rate of the dissolved organic combination.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.2

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7 焦世s，

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