本文選題：泥石流 + 攔擋結(jié)構(gòu)　； 參考：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：泥石流是發(fā)生在山區(qū)的常見地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,具有突發(fā)性強(qiáng)、來(lái)勢(shì)猛、歷時(shí)短、成災(zāi)快、破壞性強(qiáng)、預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警難度大、防御困難等特點(diǎn)。我國(guó)滑坡泥石流發(fā)生的區(qū)域廣,損失嚴(yán)重,災(zāi)害遍及全國(guó)山地丘陵區(qū),因此,對(duì)于滑坡、泥石流的預(yù)報(bào)及防治已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前工程防災(zāi)減災(zāi)界十分緊迫的任務(wù)。泥石流攔擋工程是防治泥石流危害的主要工程措施。它是修建在泥石流溝上的一種橫向攔擋建筑物,作為抵御泥石流的一道防線,攔擋結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)保證人們的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)起到了重大的作用。早期修建的泥石流攔擋壩以圬工重力式實(shí)體壩較為普遍,但是,由于重力壩其透水能力差,又是正面抵擋泥石流的沖擊,所受的沖擊力非常大,很容易被泥石流直接破壞。本文采用實(shí)地調(diào)研、數(shù)值模擬、室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的研究方法,利用舟曲原地質(zhì)資料以及白龍江流域泥石流的基本情況(形成過(guò)程、活動(dòng)規(guī)律以及沖擊機(jī)理),從結(jié)構(gòu)工程專業(yè)的角度出發(fā),提出新型泥石流防治結(jié)構(gòu)體系,即鋼—混凝土混合攔擋結(jié)構(gòu)體系,研究其抗沖擊性能,并應(yīng)用于泥石流實(shí)際防治工程,用以減輕泥石流災(zāi)害,保護(hù)人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。本文基于計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)理論,采用流體分析軟件CFX對(duì)黏性泥石流進(jìn)行模擬,得到了泥石流速度場(chǎng)和壓力場(chǎng)的分布特征。研究表明：流體速度在底部小于頂部,并且流速在整個(gè)流域內(nèi)出現(xiàn)減小的趨勢(shì),由于受到攔擋壩的阻力作用,結(jié)構(gòu)兩側(cè)的流速大于中間,流體翻越壩頂產(chǎn)生渦流,說(shuō)明泥石流運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中具有直進(jìn)性,且不發(fā)生繞流現(xiàn)象。 本文采用流固耦合分析方法,運(yùn)用有限元程序ANSYS對(duì)一新型泥石流攔擋結(jié)構(gòu)在泥石流沖擊力作用下的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,得到結(jié)構(gòu)的位移時(shí)程曲線和應(yīng)力時(shí)程曲線。通過(guò)對(duì)比分析新型攔擋壩與普通實(shí)體壩的響應(yīng),得到一些有益的結(jié)論。研究表明：沖擊力隨流速增大而增大,大塊石的沖擊作用是使結(jié)構(gòu)破壞的重要因素,帶支撐的新型攔擋結(jié)構(gòu)相比普通重力壩有更強(qiáng)的抗沖擊能力,新型結(jié)構(gòu)支座反力比普通結(jié)構(gòu)減小了三分之一,結(jié)構(gòu)位移和應(yīng)力也也比普通結(jié)構(gòu)小很多。該結(jié)果為泥石流攔擋工程的設(shè)計(jì)和加固提供了參考。
[Abstract]:Debris flow is a common geological disaster occurring in mountainous area, which has the characteristics of sudden strong, strong coming, short duration, fast disaster, strong destructive, difficult to forecast and early warning, difficult to defend, and so on. The area of landslide and debris flow in China is wide, the loss is serious, and the disaster is all over the mountainous and hilly area of the country. Therefore, the prediction and prevention of landslide and debris flow has become a very urgent task in the field of engineering disaster prevention and mitigation at present. Debris flow blocking project is the main engineering measure to prevent debris flow harm. It is a kind of transverse blocking structure built on the debris flow ditch. As a defense against debris flow, the blocking structure plays an important role in ensuring people's life and property. The early construction of debris flow barrier dam is more common in masonry gravity dam, but because gravity dam has poor water permeability and is frontal to resist the impact of debris flow, the impact force is very large, it is easy to be directly destroyed by debris flow. In this paper, field investigation, numerical simulation and laboratory test are used to study the basic conditions of debris flow (formation process) in the Bailong River basin, using the original geological data of Zhouqu and the basic conditions of debris flow in the Bailong River Basin. From the point of view of structural engineering, a new type of debris flow prevention and control structure system, that is, steel-concrete mixed retaining structure system, is put forward, and its impact resistance is studied, which is applied to the actual prevention and control engineering of debris flow. In order to reduce debris flow disasters and protect the safety of people's lives and property. Based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics, the viscous debris flow is simulated by the fluid analysis software CFX, and the distribution characteristics of velocity field and pressure field of debris flow are obtained. The results show that the velocity of fluid is smaller at the bottom than the top, and the velocity of flow decreases in the whole basin. Due to the resistance of blocking dam, the velocity on both sides of the structure is larger than the middle, and the fluid surpasses the top of the dam to produce eddy current. It shows that the debris flow is straight forward and no flow around the debris flow. In this paper, the finite element program ANSYS is used to simulate the dynamic response of a new debris flow retaining structure under the impact of debris flow, and the displacement time history curve and stress history curve of the structure are obtained by using the fluid-solid coupling analysis method. Some useful conclusions are obtained by comparing and analyzing the responses of new retaining dams and ordinary solid dams. The results show that the impact force increases with the increase of velocity, and the impact of large block rock is an important factor in structural failure. The new retaining structure with support has stronger impact resistance than ordinary gravity dam. The reaction force of the new structure is 1/3 less than that of the ordinary structure, and the displacement and stress of the new structure are also much smaller than that of the ordinary structure. The results provide a reference for the design and reinforcement of debris flow retaining engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU311.3

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