本文選題：浸沒式超濾膜 + 預(yù)處理技術(shù)��； 參考：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來隨著水環(huán)境的逐漸惡化，飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的逐漸提高，凈水廠常規(guī)處理工藝的局限性越發(fā)凸顯，傳統(tǒng)處理工藝的升級改造勢在必行。目前，超濾膜技術(shù)作為第三代城市凈水技術(shù)的核心技術(shù)，受到越來越廣泛的關(guān)注。本研究結(jié)合天津市楊柳青水廠處理工藝的升級改造，以浸沒式超濾膜為基礎(chǔ)，利用中試系統(tǒng)，對超濾膜集成工藝進(jìn)行了深入研究，主要研究成果和結(jié)論如下: (1)膜出水濁度與混凝劑的種類和投加量無關(guān)。采用不同混凝劑預(yù)處理后的膜出水濁度均在0.075NTU左右，不同強(qiáng)化混凝技術(shù)對膜出水有機(jī)物的去除效能及對膜污染的控制效能有一定的相似性，均為PACl最優(yōu)，F(xiàn)eCl_3其次，AS最差。PACl對不同特性有機(jī)物的預(yù)處理效能優(yōu)于FeCl_3和AS，尤其在去除親水性和小分子量有機(jī)物方面更具有優(yōu)勢。采用正交試驗(yàn)與加權(quán)評分法相結(jié)合的方法，綜合考慮膜系統(tǒng)出水水質(zhì)、△TMP及產(chǎn)水率三方面因素，得出膜系統(tǒng)最佳運(yùn)行參數(shù)為：膜通量18L/m~2·h，過濾周期90min，5周期排空一次，反洗流量3.6m~3/h，反洗時(shí)間60s，氣沖流量3.2m~3/h。 (2)采用投影尋蹤聚類分析法對楊柳青水廠水源水進(jìn)行了水質(zhì)分期，將源水劃為了三個(gè)水質(zhì)期：低溫期（12月～次年3月）；高藻期（6月～9月）；正常期（4月～5月，10月～11月）。不同水質(zhì)期源水中溶解性有機(jī)物以強(qiáng)疏水性有機(jī)物和親水性有機(jī)物為主，其中又以分子量＜500Da的有機(jī)物所占比例最高�？疾炷ぜ上到y(tǒng)對不同水質(zhì)期水中污染物的去除效能得出，各水質(zhì)期膜出水濁度均能保持在0.1NTU以下，顆粒物均小于10個(gè)/mL，對原水CODMn的去除率在45%左右，對UV254和DOC的去除率均在25%左右，對水中的細(xì)菌和藻類物質(zhì)幾乎可以全部去除；研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)對原水疏水性有機(jī)物和大分子量有機(jī)物具有較好的去除效能，而對親水性有機(jī)物和小分子量有機(jī)物去除效能較差。 (3)低溫期水中溶氣析出是影響膜系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的主要因素，采用控制初始和上限TMP的運(yùn)行方式雖然可在短期實(shí)現(xiàn)膜系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，但是會增加系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的成本和難度，影響運(yùn)行的連續(xù)性，而采用氣水分離和自控組合技術(shù)，可有效實(shí)現(xiàn)水中氣泡的收集和排出，避免其對膜系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的影響。高藻期經(jīng)預(yù)氯化后會使混凝出水中疏水性有機(jī)物和小分子量有機(jī)物含量增多，不僅降低了系統(tǒng)對有機(jī)物的去除效率而且加劇了膜污染；采用生物操控預(yù)處理技術(shù)，可以有效降低原水中藻類的含量，出水藻類計(jì)數(shù)平均為2773萬個(gè)/L，比未采用生物操控技術(shù)時(shí)降低了約42.9%，并可在確保膜出水水質(zhì)的前提下，降低藻類對膜系統(tǒng)的影響，實(shí)現(xiàn)膜系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。 (4)以受污染超濾膜為研究對象，考察了不同水質(zhì)期EFM的清洗方式為：正常期和低溫期以檸檬酸清洗為主，間歇采用次氯酸鈉清洗，高藻期則采用相反的清洗方式。對低溫期和高藻期受污染膜表面進(jìn)行SEM和能譜儀分析，得出不同水質(zhì)期造成膜污染的物質(zhì)元素基本一致，區(qū)別在于低溫期膜污染主要為無機(jī)物污染，而高藻期為有機(jī)物污染；采用原子吸收分光光度法和GC/MS分析法對化學(xué)清洗洗脫液進(jìn)行成分分析后，認(rèn)為膜表面的無機(jī)物污染主要是由Fe鹽在膜表面的沉積造成的，而有機(jī)污染物主要為小分子量不飽和疏水性芳香族化合物。 (5)采用實(shí)際工程與中試相結(jié)合的方式，對比常規(guī)工藝、壓力式膜工藝、浸沒式膜工藝的除污效能和經(jīng)濟(jì)性，對污染物的去除效能壓力式膜工藝略優(yōu)于浸沒式膜工藝，，但相差不大，均優(yōu)于常規(guī)工藝，其中對濁度和耗氧量的去除率約比常規(guī)工藝提高了4%和6%，膜出水余鐵均＜0.05mg/L；一次性產(chǎn)水率均高于85%；運(yùn)行成本常規(guī)工藝較低，分別比壓入式膜工藝和浸沒式膜工藝節(jié)省了32.2%和21.6%.采用構(gòu)建層次分析模型的方法，從不同工藝的“成本”和“效益”兩方面著手，對不同工藝進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià)，得到常規(guī)工藝、壓入式膜工藝和浸沒式膜工藝的重要性權(quán)重為（0.2518,0.3318,0.4164），按權(quán)重越大越優(yōu)原則，得出浸沒式膜工藝相對于其他兩種工藝更適合于楊柳青水廠的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the gradual deterioration of the water environment and the gradual improvement of the standard of drinking water, the limitation of the conventional treatment process of the water purification plant is becoming more and more prominent, and the upgrading and upgrading of the traditional processing technology is imperative. At present, the ultrafiltration membrane technology is becoming more and more widely concerned as the core technology of the third generation of urban water purification technology. This research combines with Tianjin Yang. The upgrading of the processing technology of Liu Qing water plant is based on the submerged ultrafiltration membrane, and the integrated process of the ultrafiltration membrane is studied by using the pilot system. The main research results and conclusions are as follows:
(1) the turbidity of the membrane effluent has nothing to do with the type and dosage of coagulant. The turbidity of the membrane effluent with different coagulants is around 0.075NTU. The removal efficiency of the organic matter in the membrane effluent and the control efficiency of the membrane fouling are similar to that of the different coagulants, all of which are PACl best, FeCl_3 is second, and the worst.PACl of AS is different to different special features. The pretreatment efficiency of sexual organic matter is better than that of FeCl_3 and AS, especially in the removal of hydrophilicity and small molecular weight organic matter. The optimum operating parameters of membrane system: membrane flux 18L/m~2. H are obtained by combining the orthogonal test with the weighted scoring method, considering the water quality of the membrane system, Delta TMP and the water yield of three factors. The filtration period is 90min, the 5 cycle is emptied once, the backwash flow is 3.6m~3/h, the backwash time is 60s, and the air flow rate is 3.2m~3/h.
(2) using the projection pursuit cluster analysis method, the water quality of Yangliuqing water plant was divided into three stages: low temperature period (December to March), high algae period (June to September), normal period (April May, October to). The dissolved organic matter in the source water of different water quality period was strongly hydrophobic organic and hydrophilic organic The ratio of the organic matter with molecular weight < 500Da is the highest, and the removal efficiency of the membrane integrated system to the water pollutants in different water quality periods is investigated. The turbidity of the effluent is kept below 0.1NTU, the particles are less than 10 /mL, the removal rate of the original water CODMn is about 45%, and the removal rate of UV254 and DOC are all in the water. About 25%, the bacteria and algae in the water can be removed almost completely. The study also found that the system has a better removal efficiency for hydrophobic organic matter and macromolecular weight organic matter in the original water, but the efficiency of the removal of hydrophilic organic and small molecular weight organic matter is poor.
(3) the dissolution of gas in water at low temperature is the main factor affecting the stable operation of the membrane system. Using the operation mode controlling the initial and upper limit TMP can realize the stable operation of the membrane system in the short term, but it will increase the cost and difficulty of the system operation and influence the continuity of the operation, and the combination of gas and water separation and self-control combination can be effectively realized. The collection and discharge of bubbles in water can avoid the effect on the stable operation of the membrane system. The prechlorination of high algae will increase the content of hydrophobic organic matter and small molecular weight organic matter in the coagulant water after prechlorination, which not only reduces the removal efficiency of the organic matter but also aggravates the membrane fouling. The biological manipulation pretreatment technology can effectively reduce the removal efficiency of the organic matter. The algae content in low raw water is 27 million 730 thousand /L, which is about 42.9% lower than that without biological manipulation technology, and can reduce the influence of algae to the membrane system and realize the stable operation of the membrane system on the premise of ensuring the water quality of the membrane.
(4) taking the polluted ultrafiltration membrane as the research object, the cleaning methods of EFM in different water quality period were investigated: the normal period and the low temperature period were mainly citric acid cleaning, the sodium hypochlorite cleaning was used intermittently and the opposite cleaning method was used in the high algae period. The analysis of the surface surface of the polluted membrane in the low temperature and the high algae period was analyzed by the energy spectrum analyzer, and the different water quality period was obtained. The material elements of membrane fouling are basically the same, the difference is that the membrane pollution is mainly inorganic pollution in the low temperature period, and the high algae stage is organic pollution. After the analysis of the chemical cleaning eluate by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and GC/MS analysis, it is believed that the inorganic pollution of the membrane surface is mainly made by the deposition of Fe salt on the surface of the membrane. Organic pollutants are mainly small molecular weight unsaturated hydrophobic aromatic compounds.
(5) by combining the practical engineering with the pilot test, the removal efficiency and economy of the conventional process, the pressure membrane process and the submerged membrane process are compared. The pressure membrane technology for the removal efficiency of the pollutants is slightly better than the submerged membrane technology, but the difference is much better than that of the conventional process. The removal rate of turbidity and oxygen consumption is much higher than that of the conventional one. The technology improved 4% and 6%, the effluent of the membrane was all less than 0.05mg/L; the one-time water production rate was higher than 85%; the operation cost was lower than the conventional process. 32.2% and the submerged membrane process were saved respectively than the pressure entry membrane process and the submerged membrane process, and the method of constructing the analytic hierarchy model was adopted, from the "cost" and "benefit" two aspects of different processes. The process is synthetically evaluated and the conventional process is obtained. The importance weight of the pressure entry membrane process and the submerged membrane process is (0.2518,0.3318,0.4164). According to the principle of greater and greater weight, it is concluded that the submerged membrane technology is more suitable for the operation of Yangliuqing water plant compared with the other two processes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.2

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