本文選題：熱舒適　切入點(diǎn)：適應(yīng)性　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境與熱舒適研究目前主要包括穩(wěn)態(tài)熱舒適和適應(yīng)性熱舒適研究?jī)蓚�(gè)方向。穩(wěn)態(tài)熱舒適模型主要基于人工氣候室研究。而適應(yīng)性模型由于綜合考慮了自由運(yùn)行建筑中人的熱適應(yīng)性，利于引導(dǎo)建筑設(shè)計(jì)考慮環(huán)境適應(yīng)性、滿足居民熱環(huán)境質(zhì)量要求同時(shí)又利于建筑節(jié)能，因此越來越受到人們的重視。然而現(xiàn)有的適應(yīng)性模型，，主要基于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試研究和問卷調(diào)查，以熱感覺投票為判據(jù)得到，而對(duì)于適應(yīng)性過程機(jī)理研究仍處于黑箱狀態(tài)。針對(duì)上述問題，本文開展了以下研究： 首先本文通過文獻(xiàn)研究分析歸納了適應(yīng)性理論主要思想，對(duì)建筑熱環(huán)境人體熱適應(yīng)性過程的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析，并對(duì)現(xiàn)有熱適應(yīng)性機(jī)理研究存在的不足之處進(jìn)行了分析歸納。通過理論分析，提出了定量研究適應(yīng)性機(jī)理的信息熵方法，并對(duì)信息熵方法的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展進(jìn)行了深入分析，驗(yàn)證了其適用性。為本文研究工作的開展奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。 在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本文對(duì)夏熱冬冷地區(qū)重慶、武漢、成都的自由運(yùn)行建筑室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境開展了為期一年的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試和問卷調(diào)查，獲得了6100余份問卷，通過詳細(xì)分析得到的了全年室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境參數(shù)、人員服裝以及熱感覺投票等基本信息。以服裝熱阻作為表征熱適應(yīng)性行為調(diào)節(jié)的指標(biāo)，采用信息熵方法構(gòu)建了服裝熱阻熵，得到了對(duì)全年服裝熱阻熵隨室內(nèi)空氣溫度的變化關(guān)系。針對(duì)主觀熱感覺投票，也采用信息熵方法構(gòu)建了熱感覺投票熵，分析了熱感覺投票熵隨室內(nèi)空氣溫度變化的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。 本文還采用實(shí)驗(yàn)室生理研究和問卷調(diào)研方法，通過在全年自由運(yùn)行建筑實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行研究，得到了生理指標(biāo)SCV以及問卷投票等基本信息。采用信息熵方法構(gòu)建了SCV熵，通過求解得到了SCV熵隨空氣溫度變化模型。通過對(duì)SCV熵變化特征的分析，定量分析了自由運(yùn)行建筑中人體熱適應(yīng)生理調(diào)節(jié)過程的基本特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。通過對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室問卷調(diào)研得到的熱感覺及熱舒適投票數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，分析了主觀感覺與客觀生理指標(biāo)變化的關(guān)系。 本文最后對(duì)自由運(yùn)行建筑人體熱適應(yīng)性模式進(jìn)行了辨析，對(duì)適應(yīng)過程中相互關(guān)聯(lián)的行為、生理以及心理熱調(diào)節(jié)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了理論分析。對(duì)自由運(yùn)行建筑服裝行為熱調(diào)節(jié)、人群熱感覺投票隨室內(nèi)環(huán)境的變化特征進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上，從自動(dòng)控制理論出發(fā)，提出了基于適應(yīng)性機(jī)理的自由運(yùn)行建筑室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)思路和方法，并給出了基于適應(yīng)性行為、生理調(diào)節(jié)結(jié)合熱感覺投票的可接受溫度區(qū)間的定義。利用本文研究獲得的行為調(diào)節(jié)、生理調(diào)節(jié)結(jié)合熱感覺投票數(shù)據(jù)給出了夏熱冬冷地區(qū)的室內(nèi)可接受溫度范圍，證明了該方法的有效性和實(shí)用性，指出了該評(píng)價(jià)方法的應(yīng)用方向。
[Abstract]:The research on indoor thermal environment and thermal comfort mainly includes two directions: steady-state thermal comfort and adaptive thermal comfort. The steady-state thermal comfort model is mainly based on artificial climate chamber. The thermal adaptability of people in running buildings, It is beneficial to guide the architectural design to consider the environmental adaptability, meet the requirements of the residents' thermal environment quality and also benefit the building energy saving, so it has attracted more and more attention. However, the existing adaptability models are mainly based on the field test research and the questionnaire survey. Based on the criterion of thermal sensing voting, the study of adaptive process mechanism is still in the black box state. In view of the above problems, the following studies are carried out in this paper:. Firstly, the main ideas of adaptability theory are summarized through literature analysis, and the characteristics of thermal adaptability process of human body in building thermal environment are analyzed. Through theoretical analysis, the information entropy method for quantitative study of adaptive mechanism is put forward, and the generation and development of information entropy method are deeply analyzed. It has proved its applicability and laid a theoretical foundation for the development of the research work in this paper. On the basis of theoretical research, this paper carried out a one-year field test and questionnaire survey on the indoor thermal environment of free-running buildings in Chongqing, Wuhan and Chengdu in the hot summer and cold winter regions. More than 6100 questionnaires were obtained. The basic information of indoor thermal environment parameters, personnel clothing and thermal perception voting were analyzed in detail. The clothing thermal resistance was used as the index to characterize the thermal adaptive behavior, and the information entropy method was used to construct the clothing thermal resistance entropy. The relationship between the thermal resistance entropy and indoor air temperature is obtained. The voting entropy of thermal sensation is also constructed by the information entropy method, and the characteristics and rules of the change of thermal sensation voting entropy with indoor air temperature are analyzed. In this paper, the basic information of physiological index SCV and questionnaire voting are obtained by using laboratory physiological research and questionnaire investigation method, and the SCV entropy is constructed by using information entropy method, through the free running of the building laboratory throughout the year, and the basic information such as physiological index SCV and questionnaire voting are obtained. The model of the change of SCV entropy with air temperature is obtained by solving the model. The characteristics of SCV entropy change are analyzed. The basic characteristics and rules of physiological regulation of human body thermal adaptation in free-running buildings are quantitatively analyzed. The data of thermal sensation and thermal comfort voting obtained from laboratory questionnaire survey are statistically analyzed. The relationship between subjective sensation and objective physiological index was analyzed. At the end of this paper, the thermal adaptability model of human body in the free running building is analyzed, and the relationship among the related behaviors, physiology and psychology in the process of adaptation is analyzed theoretically, and the thermal regulation of the behavior of the free running building clothing is analyzed. Based on the theory of automatic control, this paper puts forward the idea and method of indoor thermal environment evaluation based on adaptive mechanism. The definition of acceptable temperature range based on adaptive behavior, physiological regulation combined with thermal sensory voting is also given. The range of indoor acceptable temperature in hot summer and cold winter area is given by physiological regulation combined with heat sensing voting data. The validity and practicability of this method are proved and the application direction of the evaluation method is pointed out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU111

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