本文選題：雙級壓縮　切入點(diǎn)：熱泵　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：中間噴射特征的雙級壓縮技術(shù),可有效地改善蒸氣壓縮裝置的低溫適應(yīng)性。然而,當(dāng)此技術(shù)與空氣源熱泵結(jié)合時(shí),為滿足一系列低溫工況,系統(tǒng)中兩臺(tái)壓縮機(jī)容量配比及耦合關(guān)系將發(fā)生變化,在實(shí)際設(shè)備運(yùn)行時(shí)常出現(xiàn)控制不穩(wěn)定和壓縮機(jī)燒毀等現(xiàn)象。為此,本文為完備雙級壓縮熱泵技術(shù),增強(qiáng)其實(shí)用性,針對變工況時(shí)雙級壓縮熱泵系統(tǒng)中壓縮機(jī)容量配比關(guān)系、壓縮機(jī)耦合特性以及中間噴射特征參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)性能影響進(jìn)行了研究。 首先,基于理論循環(huán)分析,綜合制熱性能、可控性和安全穩(wěn)定性等因素,確定了R410A為本研究系統(tǒng)的循環(huán)工質(zhì)；得出一級節(jié)流中間不完全冷卻循環(huán)是雙級壓縮熱泵系統(tǒng)最適宜推廣的循環(huán)方式。依據(jù)此理論循環(huán)分析結(jié)果,搭建了可調(diào)節(jié)噴射特征參數(shù)的變?nèi)萘侩p級壓縮熱泵實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)。其特征在于系統(tǒng)采用了變頻壓縮機(jī)和電子膨脹閥設(shè)備,且可實(shí)現(xiàn)多變工況時(shí)系統(tǒng)宏觀性能參數(shù)的測量。 其次,基于轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)特征,提出了雙級壓縮系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行模式劃分方法。進(jìn)而,構(gòu)建了反映中間壓力形成過程的變?nèi)萘侩p級壓縮系統(tǒng)壓縮機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)耦合模型以及具有中間噴射特征的雙級壓縮熱泵系統(tǒng)仿真模型,并利用實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。 第三,通過對系統(tǒng)變工況制熱性能的研究,定量分析了可調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)性能的影響。在蒸發(fā)溫度為-30～0℃,冷凝溫度為35～50℃,低高壓級壓縮機(jī)理論輸氣量比ε在1.13～5.08范圍時(shí),系統(tǒng)制熱量隨著ε的增加而顯著增大,其制熱COPhot變化量可達(dá)到04左右。而噴射過程可促使系統(tǒng)制熱量提高8%-15%,系統(tǒng)制熱COPhot曾加5%～12%。 第四,基于仿真模型,并結(jié)合熱力學(xué)狀態(tài)圖,詮釋了具有耦合特性的雙級壓縮中各個(gè)過程及其輸氣量比和噴射特征參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)的影響。揭示了雙級壓縮系統(tǒng)具有低高壓級壓縮機(jī)不同步性、排氣過程間歇性、壓縮過程不連續(xù)性以及系統(tǒng)級間參數(shù)具有脈動(dòng)的特征。以中間換熱器為耦合條件的噴射量和噴射工質(zhì)比焓,對級間參數(shù)產(chǎn)生較大影響,其噴射工質(zhì)比焓是噴射過程影響工質(zhì)狀態(tài)變化的定性因素,而噴射量是噴射過程影響工質(zhì)狀態(tài)變化的定量因素；當(dāng)噴射量增大時(shí),中間混合過程將由一種穩(wěn)定的“等壓混合”過程經(jīng)變質(zhì)量“等容混合”過程的過渡,最終穩(wěn)定到新的壓力升高的“等壓混合”過程。 最后,基于模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,分析了中間壓力與系統(tǒng)制熱性能參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律。指出中間壓力對制熱量影響具有敏感性而對制熱性能系數(shù)影響具有弱鈍化性的特征。以制熱量、制熱性能系數(shù)(?)效率最大化為原則對系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)選,得到本研究系統(tǒng)在冷凝溫度40℃,蒸發(fā)溫度-30～0℃的變工況范圍運(yùn)行時(shí),中間壓力比特征參數(shù)取值為1.1～1.3、低高壓級壓縮機(jī)理論輸氣量比取值為1.3～3.2、相對噴射量取值為0.1～0.3、高壓級壓縮機(jī)吸氣過熱度取值為10℃～20℃,這些取值是最適宜的運(yùn)行參數(shù)調(diào)節(jié)范圍。
[Abstract]:In order to meet a series of low - temperature working conditions , when combined with an air - source heat pump , the ratio of capacity and coupling of two compressors in the system will change . In this paper , a complete double - stage compression heat pump technology is developed to enhance its practicability .

Firstly , based on the factors such as theoretical cycle analysis , comprehensive heating performance , controllability and safety stability , the cycle working quality of the system is determined .
Based on the theoretical cycle analysis results , a variable capacity double stage compression heat pump bench with adjustable injection characteristic parameters is set up , which is characterized in that the system adopts a variable frequency compressor and an electronic expansion valve device , and can realize the measurement of the macroscopic performance parameters of the system when the multi - variable working condition is realized .

Secondly , based on the characteristics of the rotor compressor , a method for dividing the operating modes of the two - stage compression system is presented . Furthermore , the dynamic coupling model of the variable capacity double - stage compression system and the simulation model of the double - stage compression heat pump system with the intermediate injection characteristics are constructed , and the model is verified by the experimental results .

Thirdly , the influence of the adjustable parameters on the system performance is analyzed quantitatively by studying the heating performance of the system under variable working conditions . When the evaporation temperature is -30 ~ 0 鈩，

本文編號：1686341