城鎮(zhèn)天然氣管道泄漏擴(kuò)散的CFD模擬及后果分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-30 10:35
本文選題：城鎮(zhèn)燃?xì)?/strong> 切入點(diǎn)：泄漏 出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】：在天然氣開發(fā)利用的飛速發(fā)展中，城市天然氣輸送管網(wǎng)越來越復(fù)雜。城鎮(zhèn)天然氣管道往往分布在人口和建筑集中的區(qū)域，這使得城鎮(zhèn)天然氣成為事故最頻發(fā)、后果最嚴(yán)重的可燃可爆氣體之一。掌握天然氣泄漏擴(kuò)散的規(guī)律可以對(duì)泄漏事故進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測、評(píng)價(jià)和控制，從而降低天然氣管輸事故的發(fā)生。 本文建立了城鎮(zhèn)天然氣管道的泄漏擴(kuò)散模型，從理論分析、CFD數(shù)值模擬、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證三個(gè)方面對(duì)其作了系統(tǒng)的研究。 首先，利用流體力學(xué)基本理論分析天然氣管道泄漏擴(kuò)散的流動(dòng)過程，建立氣體流動(dòng)基本控制方程；對(duì)氣體紊流射流進(jìn)行理論分析，建立天然氣泄漏擴(kuò)散的湍流模型；運(yùn)用流體力學(xué)及工程熱力學(xué)基本公式推導(dǎo)出三種泄漏模型：管道模型、管道—小孔綜合模型、小孔模型以及對(duì)應(yīng)的計(jì)算公式。利用Matlab數(shù)學(xué)軟件編程計(jì)算出城鎮(zhèn)高中壓燃?xì)夤艿揽赡軙?huì)出現(xiàn)的泄漏事故下的泄漏量，匯總于表格中，為以后的研究提供參考； 其次，由于湍流流動(dòng)是一種高度非線性流動(dòng)，流動(dòng)狀態(tài)比較復(fù)雜，，理論研究方法顯然達(dá)不到要求，本論文通過理論分析并結(jié)合工程實(shí)際情況，建立城鎮(zhèn)街道模式下天然氣管道泄漏擴(kuò)散的幾何模型，利用CFD數(shù)值模擬軟件對(duì)其進(jìn)行模擬計(jì)算，對(duì)模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析，得出城鎮(zhèn)高中壓燃?xì)夤艿佬孤⿺U(kuò)散的一般規(guī)律。并用CFD模擬不同時(shí)間、不同管道壓力、不同泄漏孔徑以及不同障礙物條件下天然氣的泄漏擴(kuò)散狀況，分析不同因素對(duì)天然氣泄漏擴(kuò)散的影響； 最后，為了檢驗(yàn)?zāi)M數(shù)值模擬的合理性，利用相似性原理并結(jié)合燃?xì)鈱?shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)際情況建立實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ筒⑦M(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測量，將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較，得出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果在允許誤差范圍之內(nèi)，證明了CFD數(shù)值模擬的正確性，說明利用k湍流模型對(duì)天然氣管道泄漏擴(kuò)散的模擬計(jì)算是可行的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of natural gas exploitation and utilization, urban natural gas pipeline network is becoming more and more complicated. Urban natural gas pipelines are often distributed in areas with concentrated population and buildings, which make urban natural gas become the most frequent accidents. One of the most serious combustible and explosive gases is to grasp the laws of natural gas leakage and diffusion, which can accurately predict, evaluate and control the leakage accidents, thus reducing the occurrence of natural gas pipeline accidents. In this paper, the leakage and diffusion model of urban natural gas pipeline is established, and the numerical simulation of CFD is analyzed theoretically, and three aspects of experimental verification are systematically studied. Firstly, the flow process of leakage and diffusion in natural gas pipeline is analyzed by the basic theory of hydrodynamics, and the basic governing equation of gas flow is established, and the turbulent flow model of natural gas leakage and diffusion is established by theoretical analysis of gas turbulent jet. Three kinds of leakage models are derived by using the basic formulas of hydrodynamics and engineering thermodynamics: pipeline model, pipe-hole synthesis model, The small hole model and the corresponding calculation formula. The leakage amount under the leakage accident that may occur in the town high pressure gas pipeline is calculated by using the Matlab mathematical software, which is summarized in the table, and provides the reference for the future research. Secondly, the turbulent flow is a highly nonlinear flow, the flow state is relatively complex, the theoretical research method obviously can not meet the requirements, this paper through theoretical analysis and combined with the actual engineering situation. The geometric model of leakage and diffusion of natural gas pipeline under the urban street mode is established, and the simulation results are analyzed by using CFD numerical simulation software. The general law of leakage and diffusion of medium and high pressure gas pipelines in cities and towns is obtained, and CFD is used to simulate the leakage and diffusion of natural gas under different time, different pressure, different leak aperture and different obstacles. The influence of different factors on the leakage and diffusion of natural gas is analyzed. Finally, in order to test the rationality of simulation numerical simulation, using the similarity principle and combining with the actual situation of gas laboratory, the experimental model is established and measured, and the experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The experimental results and the simulation results are within the allowable error range, which proves the correctness of the CFD numerical simulation, which shows that it is feasible to simulate the leakage and diffusion of natural gas pipeline by using k turbulence model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU996.7
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