本文關鍵詞： 藻類 氧化 消毒副產(chǎn)物 熒光光譜 Zeta電位 SOD酶活性　出處：《上海大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：水源水中的藻類會產(chǎn)生異嗅、異味和色度等問題，因此藻類去除是給水處理中重要的任務。本文以某飲用水源水庫為對象，開展了為期9個月的藻類種類分布調(diào)查，初步探討了熒光法用于藻類計數(shù)的可行性；以銅綠微囊藻為研宄對象，探討了臭氧氧化和紫外輻照過程中銅綠微囊藻的熒光特征值的變化及其與其它指標的相關性；著重研宄了溴消毒劑處理藻類時消毒副產(chǎn)物的組成和產(chǎn)生規(guī)律，并初步開展了溴仿（CHBr3)前體物的熒光相關性分析，以便能夠通過熒光檢測為藻類原位檢測提供一種快速有效的手段、為藻類去除提供科學依據(jù)。本文獲得的主要研宄結果和結論如下所示： (1)水庫水中藻類，秋季時藍藻為優(yōu)勢種，占55%以上；藍藻中銅綠微囊藻和小顫藻最為常見。冬季時硅藻為優(yōu)勢種，達86%以上；其中小環(huán)藻最為常見。春季時優(yōu)勢種類演替較為復雜，由隱藻逐步演替為硅藻和綠藻；隨著氣溫的升高，硅藻比例由88.7%下降為42.8%，而綠藻比例逐漸提高至44.3%，綠藻中小球藻較為常見。夏季時以藍藻為優(yōu)勢種，其中以銅綠微囊藻數(shù)量最多。 (2)不同種類的藻類的熒光光譜會有所差異，這使得用熒光對藻類計數(shù)成為可能。首次嘗試了把類蛋白區(qū)熒光指標與常用色素熒光指標結合，測定銅綠微囊藻、小環(huán)藻、蛋白核小球藻、小顫藻、以及四種藻類混合藻液的細胞密度的方法。該方法可較好地對銅綠微囊藻、小環(huán)藻和蛋白核小球藻進行定量，但不適用線狀的小顫藻。此外，該方法當藻類密度在3xl04個/mL至7xl05個/mL范圍內(nèi)有較好的精度。 (3)臭氧氧化和紫外輻照均對藻細胞有明顯的去除作用，臭氧對藻細胞的去除效率遠優(yōu)于紫外輻照。通入臭氧后，藻液中色素區(qū)和類蛋白區(qū)熒光響應強度明顯降低；紫外輻照結果類似臭氧氧化。熒光光譜T峰強度與銅綠微囊藻液的Zeta電位和SOD酶活性具有一定相關性。而色素區(qū)熒光光譜與葉綠素a濃度相關。 (4)與次氯酸消毒副產(chǎn)物生成潛能對比，溴消毒劑中自由溴的參與改變了消毒副產(chǎn)物組成、生成了溴代消毒副產(chǎn)物，但是溴消毒劑與氯消毒劑除藻時產(chǎn)生的總?cè)u甲烷摩爾濃度相近。二溴乙腈和三溴甲烷是溴消毒劑的主要副產(chǎn)物。三鹵甲烷生成量隨pH增加而增加，而鹵乙腈水解作用生成濃度隨pH增大而減少。因此可能存在一個最佳pH，平衡THMs生成堿催化反應和HANs水解堿催化反應，，使副產(chǎn)物的綜合毒性最小。 (5)熒光光譜特征值與消毒副產(chǎn)物前體物濃度之間有關聯(lián)。類腐植酸區(qū)熒光響應強度高，相應的消毒副產(chǎn)物生成濃度大。類腐植酸區(qū)的C峰熒光強度與溴仿生成濃度呈正相關關系（P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Algae in source water will produce odour, odour and chromaticity, so algae removal is an important task in water treatment. This paper takes a drinking water source reservoir as an object. A nine-month investigation of algae species distribution was carried out, and the feasibility of using fluorescence method in algae counting was discussed. The change of fluorescence characteristic value of microcystis aeruginosa during ozone oxidation and ultraviolet irradiation and its correlation with other indexes were studied. The composition and production regularity of disinfection by-products of bromine disinfectant in algae treatment were studied, and the fluorescence correlation analysis of brominated CHBr3 precursor was preliminarily carried out. In order to provide a rapid and effective method for in situ detection of algae by fluorescence detection, and provide scientific basis for algae removal. The main results and conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows: 1) algae in reservoir water, cyanobacteria are dominant species in autumn, accounting for more than 55%; Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorophyta are the most common in cyanobacteria. Diatoms are the dominant species in winter, reaching more than 86%. The dominant species succession was more complicated in spring, and the succession from Cryptophaga to diatom and chlorophyta was the most common in spring. With the increase of air temperature, the proportion of diatoms decreased from 88.7% to 42.8, while the proportion of green algae gradually increased to 44.3. Chlorella is more common in green algae, and cyanobacteria is the dominant species in summer. The number of microcystis aeruginosa was the most. (2) the fluorescence spectra of different species of algae will be different, which makes it possible to count algae with fluorescence. The first attempt is to combine the fluorescent index of protein-like region with the common pigment fluorescence index. The cell density of microcystis aeruginosa, microcystis microcystis, Chlorella proteinuca, Chlorella vulgaris, and four algae mixed algae solution was determined by this method, which could be used to treat microcystis aeruginosa. Chlorella microphylla and Chlorella Proteinuca were quantified, but they were not suitable for linear Chlorella. In addition, the method had a good accuracy when the algae density was in the range of 3xl04 / mL to 7xl05 / mL. 3) both ozone oxidation and ultraviolet irradiation can remove algal cells obviously, and the removal efficiency of ozone is much better than that of ultraviolet irradiation. The fluorescence response intensity of pigment and protein-like regions in algae solution was significantly decreased. The results of ultraviolet irradiation were similar to those of ozone oxidation. The intensity of T peak of fluorescence spectrum was correlated with the Zeta potential and the activity of SOD enzyme in microcystis aeruginosa, while the fluorescence spectrum of pigment region was related to the concentration of chlorophyll a. Compared with hypochloric acid disinfection by-product formation potential, the participation of free bromine in bromine disinfectant changed the composition of disinfection by-product and formed brominated disinfection by-product. However, the molar concentrations of total trihalomethane produced by bromine disinfectant and chlorine disinfectant were similar. Dibromoacetonitrile and tribromomethane were the main by-products of bromine disinfectant. The amount of trihalomethane production increased with the increase of pH. However, the concentration of Halogene-acetonitrile hydrolysis decreased with the increase of pH. Therefore, there may be an optimal pH to balance the alkali catalytic reaction of THMs and HANs hydrolysis alkali-catalyzed reaction. The comprehensive toxicity of by-products is minimized. The fluorescence spectrum characteristic value was correlated with the concentration of disinfection by-product precursor, and the fluorescence response intensity in humic acid-like region was high. The C peak fluorescence intensity in the humic acid region was positively correlated with the bromine bionic concentration.
【學位授予單位】：上海大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X173;TU991.2

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