本文關(guān)鍵詞：兩種典型城市雨水LID技術(shù)生命周期評(píng)價(jià)研究　出處：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城市雨水LID技術(shù) 生命周期評(píng)價(jià) 環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià) 成本-效益分析

【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程不斷推進(jìn)，城市不透水面積逐年增加，地表徑流系數(shù)較開發(fā)前顯著增大，降雨時(shí)地表產(chǎn)匯流時(shí)間縮短，峰值流量增大，峰值時(shí)間提前，，給傳統(tǒng)城市雨水排水設(shè)施帶來了極大的壓力�；诖吮尘�，低影響開發(fā)（Low Impact Development，LID）技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 生命周期評(píng)價(jià)（Life CycleAssessment，LCA）是一種對(duì)全過程資源消耗和環(huán)境影響進(jìn)行分析與評(píng)價(jià)的方法，經(jīng)過半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展，LCA方法在國(guó)外已經(jīng)日益成為政府和企業(yè)主要的環(huán)境管理工具。美國(guó)在實(shí)施了大量LID工程之后，已開始對(duì)已建LID設(shè)施進(jìn)行全過程生命周期評(píng)價(jià)，而我國(guó)在這方面的研究還處于空白狀態(tài)。本論文進(jìn)行了LCA方法學(xué)基本原理應(yīng)用于LID措施的評(píng)價(jià)研究，以期通過評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，為決策者科學(xué)選擇LID措施提供支持。 本研究在LCA理論基礎(chǔ)上，首先構(gòu)建了城市雨水LID技術(shù)LCA評(píng)價(jià)模式，然后利用該模式對(duì)兩種典型城市雨水LID技術(shù)進(jìn)行了案例分析。 通過研究得出以下結(jié)論： （1）本文對(duì)LID技術(shù)生命周期評(píng)價(jià)方法進(jìn)行了研究，構(gòu)建了城市雨水LID技術(shù)生命周期評(píng)價(jià)模式，該模式主要包括兩部分——生命周期影響評(píng)價(jià)（Life Cycle ImpactAssessment，LCIA），主要指環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)，與生命周期成本-效益分析（Life CycleCost-benefits Analysis，LCCA）。 （2）由兩種LID措施全過程生命周期污染物排放結(jié)果可知，雨水花園與滲透鋪裝+滲透管/井系統(tǒng)全過程生命周期排放量最大的污染物均為CO2，排放量分別為44899.44kg與260341.30kg。此外，滲透鋪裝+滲透管/井系統(tǒng)由于大量采用透水磚與透水混凝土等材料，造成的廢棄物填埋的質(zhì)量為1617790.00kg。 （3）全過程生命周期雨水花園的CO2排放量?jī)H占滲透鋪裝+滲透管/井系統(tǒng)的17.25%，環(huán)保優(yōu)勢(shì)較為明顯。 （4）全過程生命周期雨水花園COD減排量為滲透鋪裝+滲透管/井系統(tǒng)的505.09%，雨水花園TN減排量為滲透鋪裝+滲透管/井系統(tǒng)的34.55%，雨水花園TP減排量為滲透鋪裝+滲透管/井系統(tǒng)的129.87%。雨水花園的水體污染物減排效應(yīng)較為顯著。 （5）本文將雨水花園與滲透鋪裝+滲透管井系統(tǒng)全過程生命周期成本-效益與傳統(tǒng)雨水排水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，結(jié)果表明，就全過程生命周期成本而言，雨水花園＞滲透鋪裝+滲透管/井系統(tǒng)＞傳統(tǒng)雨水排水系統(tǒng)。考慮到全過程生命周期的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、環(huán)境效益與社會(huì)效益等綜合效益，雨水花園與滲透鋪裝+滲透管/井系統(tǒng)比傳統(tǒng)雨水排水系統(tǒng)具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。 （6）就投資回收期而言，雨水花園的成本投資回收期為19.75-29.45年，滲透鋪裝+滲透管/井系統(tǒng)的成本投資回收期為14.49-18.28年。由于某些基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)無法獲取，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果存在一定偏差。 （7）從環(huán)境影響的角度而言，雨水花園好于滲透鋪裝，從投資回收期而言，滲透鋪裝較好，最終選擇哪一種LID措施，需根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際情況再做決定。 （8）單獨(dú)某一項(xiàng)綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的實(shí)施并不能滿足所有環(huán)境效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益及社會(huì)效益的綜合目標(biāo)，在具體運(yùn)用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，選擇某幾種綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進(jìn)行組合運(yùn)用，兼顧環(huán)境效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益及社會(huì)效益，以期取得良好的綜合效益。
[Abstract]:Along with the continuous development of city urbanization, city water area increased year by year, the surface runoff coefficient is developed significantly increased rainfall, surface runoff time, peak flow rate increases, the peak time in advance, brings great pressure to the traditional city drainage facilities. Based on this background, low impact development (Low Impact Development, LID) technology came into being.
Life cycle assessment (Life CycleAssessment LCA) is a kind of method to analyze and evaluate the environmental impact and resource consumption in the whole process, after more than half a century of development, the LCA method in foreign countries has become the government and enterprises the main tool for environmental management. In the United States after the implementation of a large number of LID project, has started during the whole life cycle assessment has been built on the LID infrastructure, and our research in this area is still in the blank state. Evaluation of this paper the basic principle of LCA method applied to LID measures, through the evaluation results, the scientific selection of LID measures for decision makers to provide support.
Based on the LCA theory, we first built the LCA evaluation mode of urban rainwater LID technology. Then we used the model to analyze two typical urban rainwater LID technologies.
Through the study, the following conclusions are drawn.
(1) this paper studied the LID method of life cycle assessment, construction of city rainwater LID technology life cycle assessment model, this model mainly includes two parts: the life cycle impact assessment (Life Cycle, ImpactAssessment, LCIA), mainly refers to the environmental impact assessment, analysis and life cycle cost benefit (Life CycleCost-benefits Analysis, LCCA).
(2) the two LID measures the whole life cycle of the pollutant emission results, and infiltration of rainwater garden pavement + permeation tube / pollutants well system life cycle maximum emissions were CO2, 44899.44kg and 260341.30kg. emissions respectively. In addition, permeability pavement permeation tube wells / + system due to material uses a lot of water permeable brick with the pervious concrete, the quality of waste landfill caused by 1617790.00kg.
(3) the CO2 emission of the whole process life cycle rainwater garden is only 17.25% of the permeable paving + permeable pipe / well system, and the advantage of environmental protection is more obvious.
(4) the life cycle of rain garden COD emission reduction of the whole process of + 505.09% well penetration penetration pavement system / pipe, rainwater garden TN emission reduction for + 34.55% well penetration penetration pavement system / pipe, rainwater garden TP emission reduction for pavement permeability + permeation tube / water pollutant emission reduction effect wells system 129.87%. rain garden is more significant.
(5) the rain garden and well penetration pavement + infiltration system for the whole process of life cycle cost benefit and traditional drainage system were analyzed. The results show that in terms of life cycle cost, rain garden, pavement permeability + - permeable tube / well system, the traditional rainwater drainage system. Considering the life cycle of the whole process the comprehensive benefit of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits, and infiltration of rainwater garden pavement + permeation tube / wells system than the traditional rainwater drainage system has obvious advantages.
(6) in terms of the investment recovery period, the cost recovery period of the rain garden is 19.75-29.45 years, and the cost recovery period of the permeable pavement + penetration pipe / well system is 14.49-18.28 years. Because some basic data can not be acquired, it may lead to a certain deviation in the evaluation result.
(7) from the point of view of environmental impact, rainwater garden is better than permeable pavement. In terms of investment recovery period, it is better to infiltrate pavement and choose which LID measure ultimately. We need to make decisions based on local actual conditions.
(8) a single green infrastructure implementation can not meet all environmental benefits, comprehensive goal of economic and social benefits, in the specific application, should be based on the actual situation, the use of combination of choice for certain types of green infrastructure, taking into account the environmental benefits, economic benefits and social benefits, achieve good comprehensive benefits by the time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU992;TV213.9

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