本文關(guān)鍵詞：小型住宅的理論能耗分析與實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 節(jié)能住宅 能耗模擬 變頻多聯(lián)空調(diào) 全熱交換器 家庭能源管理系統(tǒng)

【摘要】：當(dāng)今國(guó)際政治與社會(huì)因素很大程度地影響和制約了能源的生產(chǎn)與供給，我國(guó)政府將節(jié)能減排制定為一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期的政策，以滿足環(huán)境保護(hù)和科學(xué)發(fā)展的要求。與其他國(guó)家相比，雖然我國(guó)人均居住能耗量目前處于較低的水平，但國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)與居民生活水平的提高，必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致居住能耗的增長(zhǎng)，加劇居住能耗需求與其他領(lǐng)域能耗需求之間的矛盾。建設(shè)節(jié)能住宅，推廣節(jié)能技術(shù)已勢(shì)在必行。因此，正確分析住宅的能耗特點(diǎn)，驗(yàn)證節(jié)能技術(shù)的地區(qū)適用性，研究新的家庭能源管理系統(tǒng)，對(duì)建設(shè)節(jié)能住宅，推廣節(jié)能技術(shù)，減少住宅能耗具有十分重要的意義。 本文針對(duì)夏熱冬冷地區(qū)節(jié)能住宅能耗特點(diǎn)與節(jié)能手段適用性分析，以上海交通大學(xué)綠色能源實(shí)驗(yàn)室三樓的智能公寓為研究對(duì)象，進(jìn)行了一系列的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。該建筑外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)具有很好的保溫性能，包括外墻外保溫的幕墻系統(tǒng)、雙層Low-E玻璃；智能公寓內(nèi)HVAC系統(tǒng)由VRF（Variable Refrigerant Flow）變頻多聯(lián)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)和全熱交換器HRV（Heat Recovery Ventilator）組成，同時(shí)安裝了家庭能源管理系統(tǒng)HEMS（Home Energy Management System）對(duì)公寓的能耗設(shè)備進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)和管理。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論有： （1）利用建筑全能耗分析軟件EnergyPlus建立實(shí)驗(yàn)住宅的模型，從而進(jìn)行住宅HVAC系統(tǒng)能耗的模擬。利用模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比的研究方法，在制冷和制熱兩種工況條件下，驗(yàn)證了住宅能耗系統(tǒng)模型的準(zhǔn)確性，HVAC系統(tǒng)耗電量的模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)值吻合較好。實(shí)驗(yàn)與模擬結(jié)果所產(chǎn)生的誤差原因主要包括建筑物結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)化與物性估算，實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試、記錄儀器的誤差，VRF模型的簡(jiǎn)化，VRF性能曲線的誤差以及EnergyPlus軟件自身負(fù)荷計(jì)算引擎的誤差等。 （2）通過(guò)建筑全能耗軟件EnergyPlus模擬住宅的全年運(yùn)行，比較了傳統(tǒng)住宅與實(shí)驗(yàn)住宅的負(fù)荷及全年能耗情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)在上海氣候條件下（夏熱冬冷地區(qū)），采用高保溫性能外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)驗(yàn)住宅的空調(diào)負(fù)荷明顯低于傳統(tǒng)住宅，因而相同建筑面積情況下，，新型節(jié)能住宅可選用更小制冷量的空調(diào)機(jī)。與傳統(tǒng)住宅相比，實(shí)驗(yàn)住宅全年空調(diào)耗電量減少了16.3%，制冷耗電量減少了15.0%，采暖耗電量減少了17.6%，冬季采暖工況下節(jié)能效果更佳； （3）通過(guò)建筑全能耗軟件EnergyPlus模擬住宅的全年運(yùn)行，分析了全熱交換器對(duì)住宅HVAC系統(tǒng)能耗的影響，結(jié)果表明在過(guò)渡季節(jié)5、10月， HRV熱交換通風(fēng)運(yùn)行增加了住宅HVAC系統(tǒng)的能耗，而在其他月份，HRV熱交換通風(fēng)運(yùn)行均減少了住宅HVAC系統(tǒng)的能耗。其中由于冬季室內(nèi)外溫差較夏季大，冬季的總節(jié)能量較夏季大，為夏季的6.3倍。因而，在保證室內(nèi)一定的溫度及新風(fēng)量的前提下，HRV的最佳節(jié)能運(yùn)行策略為：5、10月份運(yùn)行自然通風(fēng)模式，利用室外空氣減少建筑負(fù)荷從而減少HVAC系統(tǒng)能耗，其他月份均運(yùn)行熱交換通風(fēng)模式。HVAC系統(tǒng)全年可節(jié)能10.4%； （4）通過(guò)建筑全能耗軟件EnergyPlus模擬住宅的全年運(yùn)行，分析了住宅能耗結(jié)構(gòu)與分布，結(jié)果顯示了住宅能耗中占比最大的為HVAC系統(tǒng)的能耗，占住宅綜合總能耗的50.7%；炊事用具能耗占住宅總能耗的17.6%；生活熱水能耗占住宅總能耗的9.2%；照明能耗占全年總能耗的6.4%；家用電器能耗（包括電視、冰箱及其他家用電器）占住宅總能耗的16.1%。實(shí)驗(yàn)住宅的HVAC系統(tǒng)能耗及生活熱水能耗較一般住宅少，說(shuō)明提高住宅外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的保溫性能，使用VRF變頻多聯(lián)空調(diào)和全熱交換器，使用空氣源熱泵熱水器，能夠有效地降低夏熱冬冷地區(qū)的住宅能耗。
[Abstract]:In today's international political and social factors greatly influences and restricts the production and supply of energy, the Chinese government will establish a long-term energy-saving emission reduction policies, to meet the requirements of scientific development and environmental protection. Compared with other countries, although China's per capita living energy consumption is in a low level, but the development of the national economy, urbanization construction and the improvement of living standards, will inevitably lead to residential energy consumption growth, the contradiction between the increasing energy demand and other areas of residential energy demand. Residential construction, the promotion of energy-saving technology is imperative. Therefore, the correct analysis of the characteristics of energy consumption in the residential area, verify the applicability of energy-saving technology, research on the family new energy management system, the construction of residential energy conservation, the promotion of energy-saving technology, has very important significance to reduce residential energy consumption.
Aiming at the hot summer and cold winter area residential energy consumption characteristics and energy saving methods applicability analysis, intelligent green energy laboratory on the third floor of the apartment of Shanghai Jiao Tong University as the research object, carried out a series of theoretical and experimental investigations. The construction of the external structure has good heat preservation performance, including curtain wall exterior insulation system, double Low-E glass intelligent; apartment HVAC system by VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) VRV air conditioning system and the heat exchanger HRV (Heat Recovery Ventilator), while the installation of the home energy management system (HEMS Home Energy Management System) energy equipment of the apartment for monitoring and management. The main research contents and conclusions:
(1) the use of building energy analysis software EnergyPlus to establish the experimental model to simulate the residential, residential energy consumption of HVAC system. Using the simulation method and experimental comparison, in cooling and heating two kinds of working conditions, to verify the accuracy of the model of residential energy consumption of the system, are in good agreement with the simulation results of HVAC system power consumption with the measured value. The causes of the error of experiment and simulation results including estimation, simplification and physical structure of the test error of recording instruments, the simplified VRF model, VRF performance curve error and EnergyPlus software engine load calculation error.
(2) the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus the operation of housing, compared the load and energy consumption of traditional residential and residential experiment, found that under the climatic conditions of Shanghai (hot summer and cold winter area air conditioning load), the experimental residential high insulation performance of building envelope is significantly lower than that of the traditional residential area of the same building, so under the condition of air conditioner can choose smaller new energy-saving residential cooling capacity. Compared with the traditional residential, residential experimental air-conditioning power consumption reduced by 16.3%, 15% reduction of power consumption of refrigeration, heating and power consumption is reduced by 17.6%, better energy-saving effect of winter heating conditions;
(3) the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus the operation of housing, analyzes the influence of heat exchanger HVAC system for residential energy consumption, results show that during the transitional season 5,10 month, HRV heat ventilation operation increases the energy consumption of residential HVAC system exchange, while in the other months, HRV heat exchange ventilation operation reduces the energy consumption of residential HVAC system. Because of the indoor and outdoor temperature in winter than in summer and winter, the total energy is large in summer, and 6.3 times in summer. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring a certain indoor temperature and air quantity under the best energy-saving operation strategy of HRV is: 5,10 month operating mode of natural ventilation, the use of outdoor air to reduce building HVAC load so as to reduce the energy consumption of the system, the other months are running the heat exchange ventilation mode.HVAC system throughout the year can save 10.4%;
(4) the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus the operation of housing, analyzes the structure and distribution of residential energy consumption, results show that the residential energy consumption in the largest proportion of the energy consumption of the HVAC system, accounting for 50.7% of the total energy consumption of residential kitchen; energy consumption in total energy consumption of residential 17.6%; domestic hot water energy consumption in total energy consumption of residential 9.2%; 6.4% lighting energy consumption accounted for the total energy consumption; energy consumption of household electrical appliances (including TV, refrigerators and other household appliances) HVAC system energy consumption and energy for domestic hot water 16.1%. experimental residential total energy consumption of residential housing is generally less, that improve thermal insulation performance of building envelope, using VRF VRV air condition and the total heat exchanger, the use of air source heat pump water heater, can effectively reduce residential energy consumption in hot summer and cold winter area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU111.195

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