本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于近景圖像序列的建筑物三維模型重建研究　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 圖像序列 三維模型 建筑物 特征匹配 光束平差

【摘要】：建筑物的數(shù)據(jù)獲取與三維建模是數(shù)字城市、智慧城市建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容,基于近景圖像序列的三維建模方法以普通數(shù)碼相機(jī)為圖像采集設(shè)備,成本低、效率高、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度低,能夠反映建筑物表面的幾何細(xì)節(jié)且具有逼真的紋理信息,為快速、準(zhǔn)確、真實(shí)地再現(xiàn)三維城市信息提供了有效的途徑。然而,由于地面近景圖像往往采用寬基線、大交角的攝影方式,導(dǎo)致遮擋嚴(yán)重,圖像間透視畸變較大,加上建筑物紋理單一,重復(fù)多等問題,給圖像信息的提取和匹配帶來困難,建筑物三維重建的精度和自動(dòng)化程度還有待提高。在圖像信息中,點(diǎn)特征定位精確,可以有效恢復(fù)二維圖像與三維幾何之間的映射關(guān)系,而直線特征是建筑物的主要輪廓特征,對(duì)整個(gè)建筑物結(jié)構(gòu)起控制作用。為充分發(fā)揮點(diǎn)特征和直線特征的優(yōu)勢(shì),本文就基于近景圖像序列點(diǎn)、線特征的建筑三維建模過程中涉及的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題展開研究,主要工作和研究成果包括以下幾個(gè)方面： (1)針對(duì)由于近景圖像視角變化大、建筑物紋理單一等導(dǎo)致的特征點(diǎn)匹配困難問題,重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)視角變化保持不變的局部仿射不變特征,在分析了目前局部仿射不變特征檢測(cè)方法優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出一種多特征優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的特征點(diǎn)檢測(cè)與匹配方法,得到精確度較高和數(shù)量較多的匹配點(diǎn)對(duì),為后續(xù)相機(jī)參數(shù)估計(jì)奠定了較好的基礎(chǔ)。 (2)針對(duì)相機(jī)參數(shù)估計(jì)的魯棒性問題,以相機(jī)參數(shù)與三維點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)同步解算的光束平差優(yōu)化原理為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)近景圖像特征點(diǎn)透視畸變導(dǎo)致誤差分布呈各向異性的特點(diǎn),以目標(biāo)函數(shù)的構(gòu)建為切入點(diǎn),提出了一種顧及特征點(diǎn)誤差各向異性的相機(jī)參數(shù)及三維點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)解算方法。通過對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了本文方法具有較高精度和較好的魯棒性。 (3)鑒于直線特征對(duì)建筑物三維幾何結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性,設(shè)計(jì)了直線特征的提取、匹配與重建策略。在進(jìn)行直線特征提取的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)直線斷裂、提取不完整導(dǎo)致的匹配困難,提出了一種多約束的直線特征匹配方法,該方法的特點(diǎn)在于利用點(diǎn)、線之間的局部仿射不變進(jìn)行候選匹配集合的搜索,提高了匹配直線搜索的正確率,結(jié)合極線約束和直線的角度及支持域灰度的相似性測(cè)度進(jìn)行直線特征匹配,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明該方法具有更高的正確匹配率。將本文的匹配方法應(yīng)用于直線特征的三維重建,基于面-面相交確定空間直線的原理,以迭代優(yōu)化實(shí)現(xiàn)了直線特征的三維重建,較好地恢復(fù)了三維直線的位置及平行、垂直等關(guān)系。 (4)結(jié)合本文提出的方法和前人的研究成果,實(shí)現(xiàn)了綜合點(diǎn)、線特征的建筑物三維模型重建。在分析了當(dāng)前建筑物模型表達(dá)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于約束Delaunay三角剖分的建筑物三維幾何模型重建,并根據(jù)相機(jī)成像原理完成了二維圖像到三維模型的紋理映射,通過實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了本文方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Building data acquisition and 3D modeling is an important part of the construction of digital city and intelligent city. The 3D modeling method based on close-range image sequence takes the common digital camera as the image acquisition equipment, which has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency. Low labor intensity, can reflect the geometric details of the building surface and have realistic texture information, which provides an effective way to reproduce 3D urban information quickly, accurately and truthfully. Because the ground close-range image often uses the wide baseline, the big intersection angle photography, causes the occlusion to be serious, the image perspective distortion is big, plus the building texture is single, repeats and so on the question and so on. It is difficult to extract and match the image information, and the accuracy and automation of 3D reconstruction of buildings need to be improved. In the image information, the point feature location is accurate. The mapping relationship between 2D images and 3D geometry can be effectively restored, and linear features are the main contour features of buildings. In order to give full play to the advantages of point features and linear features, this paper is based on the close-range image sequence points. In the process of building 3D modeling with line features, several key technical issues are studied. The main work and research results include the following aspects: 1) aiming at the difficulty of matching feature points caused by the large change of view angle and the single texture of building, this paper focuses on the local affine invariant feature which keeps the change of view angle invariant. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing local affine invariant feature detection methods, a multi-feature complementary feature point detection and matching method is proposed to obtain a high accuracy and a large number of matching points. It lays a good foundation for the subsequent camera parameter estimation. 2) aiming at the robustness of camera parameter estimation, the principle of beam adjustment optimization is based on the synchronous calculation of camera parameters and 3D coordinates. According to the anisotropy of the error distribution caused by the perspective distortion of feature points in close-shot images, the construction of objective function is taken as the starting point. In this paper, a camera parameter and 3D point coordinate calculation method considering the anisotropy of feature point error is proposed. The comparison experiment shows that the proposed method has higher accuracy and better robustness. In view of the importance of straight line feature to 3D geometric structure of building, the extraction, matching and reconstruction strategy of straight line feature are designed. On the basis of line feature extraction, straight line fracture is aimed at. In this paper, a multi-constraint line feature matching method is proposed. The feature of this method is to search candidate matching sets by using the local affine invariance between points and lines. The accuracy of matching line search is improved, and line feature matching is carried out by combining the pole line constraint, the angle of the line and the similarity measure of the support domain gray level. The experimental results show that this method has a higher correct matching rate. This method is applied to 3D reconstruction of line features, and the principle of plane-plane intersection to determine spatial straight line is presented. The 3D reconstruction of line features is realized by iterative optimization, and the position, parallel and vertical relationships of 3D straight lines are restored. 4) based on the method proposed in this paper and the previous research results, the 3D model reconstruction of buildings with synthetic points and line features is realized. The 3D geometric model reconstruction of buildings based on constrained Delaunay triangulation is realized, and the texture mapping from 2D image to 3D model is completed according to the principle of camera imaging. The effectiveness of this method is verified by an example.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P234.1;TU19

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