【摘要】：近年來(lái),由于我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的不斷提高,汽車數(shù)量日益增多,城市道路承受著巨大的壓力,運(yùn)用車聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)能夠有效地緩解嚴(yán)重的交通擁堵問(wèn)題,但是隨著車聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快速發(fā)展和網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,如何有效地利用現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源,通過(guò)動(dòng)態(tài)的路由選擇實(shí)時(shí)地控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞以提高車聯(lián)網(wǎng)的通信效率顯得尤為重要。本文將針對(duì)于城市道路中的交通擁堵問(wèn)題與車聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞問(wèn)題,結(jié)合車聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)與蟻群算法,分別從交通流與信息流兩個(gè)維度研究與設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的防擁機(jī)制:基于改進(jìn)蟻群算法的交通防擁機(jī)制:本文利用車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的V2I通信技術(shù),通過(guò)改進(jìn)蟻群算法進(jìn)行啟發(fā)式動(dòng)態(tài)路徑規(guī)劃。算法使用車輛螞蟻采集實(shí)時(shí)交通數(shù)據(jù)以預(yù)測(cè)短期內(nèi)交通狀況,并綜合復(fù)雜動(dòng)態(tài)的交通因素對(duì)狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移概率及信息素計(jì)算規(guī)則進(jìn)行改進(jìn),不僅能夠規(guī)避正常的交通擁堵,還客觀考慮和處理了由交通事故,道路施工,天氣條件造成的特殊擁堵問(wèn)題。此外,算法通過(guò)周期性生成數(shù)據(jù)包螞蟻為道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)中每個(gè)起始點(diǎn)對(duì)探索多條備選最優(yōu)路徑,并依據(jù)不同的車輛類型使用優(yōu)先調(diào)度和先來(lái)先服務(wù)結(jié)合策略進(jìn)行路徑分配,使車輛合理分流�；赟DN-V的通信防擁機(jī)制:針對(duì)車聯(lián)網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)的高移動(dòng)性,網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)涞母邉?dòng)態(tài)性,連接間斷性等問(wèn)題,本文將SDN技術(shù)應(yīng)用至車聯(lián)網(wǎng),設(shè)計(jì)分層SDN-V網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),分離車輛節(jié)點(diǎn)中的控制與數(shù)據(jù)平面,使車輛只需進(jìn)行高效的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)工作。設(shè)置集中式控制器掌控全局網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),并調(diào)用改進(jìn)的蟻群算法進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)路由選擇,以達(dá)到保持網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載平衡,控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞,提高車聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信效率的目的。本文利用交通流仿真器SUMO與網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真器NS3雙向耦合進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分別驗(yàn)證了基于改進(jìn)蟻群算法的交通防擁機(jī)制對(duì)于緩解交通擁堵問(wèn)題的實(shí)用性與基于SDN-V的通信防擁機(jī)制在控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞,提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能方面的有效性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of the economic level of our country, the number of cars is increasing day by day, the urban roads are under great pressure, the use of vehicle networking technology can effectively alleviate the serious traffic congestion problem, but with the rapid development of vehicle networking and the expansion of network scale, how to effectively make use of the existing network resources. It is particularly important to control network congestion in real time through dynamic routing to improve the communication efficiency of vehicle network. In this paper, aiming at the traffic congestion problem in urban roads and the network congestion problem in vehicle network communication, combined with vehicle networking technology and ant colony algorithm, the corresponding anti-hugging mechanism is studied and designed from two dimensions of traffic flow and information flow: traffic congestion mechanism based on improved ant colony algorithm: this paper uses V2I communication technology in vehicle networking to carry out heuristic dynamic path planning through improved ant colony algorithm. The algorithm uses vehicle ants to collect real-time traffic data to predict traffic conditions in the short term, and improves the state transition probability and pheromone calculation rules by synthesizing complex and dynamic traffic factors, which can not only avoid normal traffic congestion, but also objectively consider and deal with the special congestion problems caused by traffic accidents, road construction and weather conditions. In addition, the algorithm periodically generates packet ants to explore multiple alternative optimal paths for each starting point in the road network, and uses priority scheduling and first come first service combination strategy according to different vehicle types to distribute vehicles reasonably. Communication anti-embrace mechanism based on SDN-V: in order to solve the problems of high mobility of vehicle network node, high dynamics of network topology, intermittent connection and so on, this paper applies SDN technology to vehicle network, designs hierarchical SDN-V network architecture, separates control and data plane in vehicle node, so that vehicles only need to carry out efficient data forwarding. The centralized controller is set up to control the global network topology, and the improved ant colony algorithm is called for dynamic routing in order to maintain the load balance of the network, control the network congestion and improve the communication efficiency of the vehicle network. In this paper, the two-way coupling of traffic flow simulator SUMO and network simulator NS3 is used to carry out simulation experiments. The experimental results verify the practicability of traffic congestion prevention mechanism based on improved ant colony algorithm and the effectiveness of communication anti-hugging mechanism based on SDN-V in controlling network congestion and improving network performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U495

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