基于BIM的全過程工程造價(jià)管理
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-10 22:35
【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會都不斷發(fā)展的今天,建筑業(yè)作為我國的三大產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,也隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展投資在不斷的增加。建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的投資控制就是將投資進(jìn)行最合理的分配,致力于用最少的投入達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果,所以投資控制是在建筑業(yè)有效控制資源投入的方法。而我國雖然資源總量豐富但人均資源卻極匱乏,因此在我國這種資源欠缺的大環(huán)境下,對建筑業(yè)的投資進(jìn)行有效的控制,提高投資的有效率就至關(guān)重要。隨著對建筑業(yè)投資管理的關(guān)注度增加,各界人士也在不斷研究更加有效的方法來提高投資的利用率。BIM是一個可以運(yùn)用于建設(shè)項(xiàng)目全過程的,方便項(xiàng)目參與各方進(jìn)行交流的信息平臺,它可以在保證工程質(zhì)量的前提下實(shí)現(xiàn)對工程造價(jià)的有效管理,減少投資失控現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。因此,本課題在充分認(rèn)識BIM的基礎(chǔ)上對其在全過程工程造價(jià)管理中的運(yùn)用進(jìn)行了研究。將BIM作為管理全過程工程造價(jià)的一種手段,在充分分析目前BIM的發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)以及我國政府、行業(yè)以及企業(yè)對將BIM應(yīng)用于建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目中所持態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了將BIM運(yùn)用于全過程工程造價(jià)管理的可行性。將全過程工程造價(jià)管理進(jìn)行了階段劃分,以便可以更好的分析每個階段運(yùn)用BIM進(jìn)行造價(jià)管理所能帶來的優(yōu)勢。前策劃階段是全過程工程造價(jià)管理的開始,在此階段運(yùn)用AHP方法得出造價(jià)影響因素的重要度,然后以此為篩選條件結(jié)合BIM選擇出最佳的歷史類似工程,并利用所得數(shù)據(jù)來編制投資估算,從而在滿足投資方要求的前提下得出更加精確的投資估算。設(shè)計(jì)階段是整個造價(jià)管理過程中最重要的階段,BIM在設(shè)計(jì)階段最主要的作用是實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)在三維和二維之間的互相轉(zhuǎn)化,將工程造價(jià)由投資估算到設(shè)計(jì)概算再到施工圖預(yù)算進(jìn)行一步步的細(xì)化與優(yōu)化,使其能將投資控制在合理范圍內(nèi)的同時得到最佳的設(shè)計(jì)。施工階段運(yùn)用BIM對施工組織設(shè)計(jì)等進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的同時對建設(shè)項(xiàng)目開工前進(jìn)行模擬施工,以此來解決工程中可能出現(xiàn)的問題以及預(yù)防控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時對施工成本進(jìn)行動態(tài)控制,使工程控制在投資范圍內(nèi)避免造成投資失控。運(yùn)營維護(hù)階段是全過程工程造價(jià)管理的最后一個階段,在該階段可利用BIM的信息化以及數(shù)據(jù)收集整理的能力以此來減少該階段的成本支出。最終完成BIM對整個工程造價(jià)的管理。全過程的工程造價(jià)管理并不局限于某一階段,而BIM在其中的運(yùn)用研究也改變了BIM運(yùn)用間斷,考慮不全面的局面。BIM作為建筑信息化的核心內(nèi)容而存在,所以將BIM運(yùn)用于全過程的造價(jià)管理中是改善目前建筑業(yè)投資現(xiàn)狀的有效方法可以為建筑業(yè)帶來更好的利益。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, the construction industry, as one of the three major industries in our country, is increasing with the development of economy. The investment control of construction project is the most reasonable allocation of investment, committed to achieving the desired effect with the least investment, so investment control is an effective way to control the investment of resources in the construction industry. Although our country is rich in total resources, but the per capita resources are very scarce, so in the environment of lack of resources in our country, it is very important to effectively control the investment in the construction industry and improve the efficiency of investment. With the increasing attention to investment management in the construction industry, people from all walks of life are constantly studying more effective ways to improve the utilization rate of investment. BIM is a process that can be applied to the whole process of construction projects. The information platform, which is convenient for all parties involved in the project, can effectively manage the project cost and reduce the occurrence of out-of-control investment on the premise of ensuring the quality of the project. Therefore, on the basis of fully understanding BIM, this paper studies its application in the whole process engineering cost management. Taking BIM as a means of managing the cost of the whole process, based on the full analysis of the current development of BIM and the attitude of our government, industry and enterprises towards the application of BIM in construction projects, The feasibility of applying BIM to project cost management in the whole process is studied. The whole process of engineering cost management is divided into stages, so that we can better analyze the advantages of using BIM in each stage of cost management. The pre-planning stage is the beginning of the whole process project cost management. In this stage, the importance of the influencing factors of the cost is obtained by using AHP method, and then the best historical similar project is selected as the screening condition combined with BIM. The obtained data are used to compile the investment estimation, so that the more accurate investment estimation can be obtained under the premise of meeting the requirements of the investors. The design stage is the most important stage in the whole process of cost management. The most important role of BIM in the design phase is to realize the mutual transformation between three-dimensional and two-dimensional design. The project cost is refined and optimized step by step from investment estimation to design estimate and then to construction drawing budget, so that the investment can be controlled within a reasonable range and the best design can be obtained at the same time. In the construction stage, BIM is used to optimize the construction organization design, and at the same time, the construction is simulated before the construction project starts, so as to solve the possible problems in the project and prevent and control the risk, and at the same time carry on the dynamic control to the construction cost. To control the project within the scope of investment to avoid causing out of control of investment. The stage of operation and maintenance is the last stage of project cost management in the whole process. In this stage, the information of BIM and the ability of data collection and collation can be used to reduce the cost and expenditure of this stage. The final completion of BIM to the entire project cost management. The project cost management in the whole process is not limited to a certain stage, and the application research of BIM in it has also changed the discontinuity of BIM application and considered the incomplete situation. BIM, as the core content of building informatization, exists. Therefore, the application of BIM in the cost management of the whole process is an effective method to improve the current investment situation of the construction industry, which can bring better benefits to the construction industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU723.3;TU17
本文編號：2474049
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, the construction industry, as one of the three major industries in our country, is increasing with the development of economy. The investment control of construction project is the most reasonable allocation of investment, committed to achieving the desired effect with the least investment, so investment control is an effective way to control the investment of resources in the construction industry. Although our country is rich in total resources, but the per capita resources are very scarce, so in the environment of lack of resources in our country, it is very important to effectively control the investment in the construction industry and improve the efficiency of investment. With the increasing attention to investment management in the construction industry, people from all walks of life are constantly studying more effective ways to improve the utilization rate of investment. BIM is a process that can be applied to the whole process of construction projects. The information platform, which is convenient for all parties involved in the project, can effectively manage the project cost and reduce the occurrence of out-of-control investment on the premise of ensuring the quality of the project. Therefore, on the basis of fully understanding BIM, this paper studies its application in the whole process engineering cost management. Taking BIM as a means of managing the cost of the whole process, based on the full analysis of the current development of BIM and the attitude of our government, industry and enterprises towards the application of BIM in construction projects, The feasibility of applying BIM to project cost management in the whole process is studied. The whole process of engineering cost management is divided into stages, so that we can better analyze the advantages of using BIM in each stage of cost management. The pre-planning stage is the beginning of the whole process project cost management. In this stage, the importance of the influencing factors of the cost is obtained by using AHP method, and then the best historical similar project is selected as the screening condition combined with BIM. The obtained data are used to compile the investment estimation, so that the more accurate investment estimation can be obtained under the premise of meeting the requirements of the investors. The design stage is the most important stage in the whole process of cost management. The most important role of BIM in the design phase is to realize the mutual transformation between three-dimensional and two-dimensional design. The project cost is refined and optimized step by step from investment estimation to design estimate and then to construction drawing budget, so that the investment can be controlled within a reasonable range and the best design can be obtained at the same time. In the construction stage, BIM is used to optimize the construction organization design, and at the same time, the construction is simulated before the construction project starts, so as to solve the possible problems in the project and prevent and control the risk, and at the same time carry on the dynamic control to the construction cost. To control the project within the scope of investment to avoid causing out of control of investment. The stage of operation and maintenance is the last stage of project cost management in the whole process. In this stage, the information of BIM and the ability of data collection and collation can be used to reduce the cost and expenditure of this stage. The final completion of BIM to the entire project cost management. The project cost management in the whole process is not limited to a certain stage, and the application research of BIM in it has also changed the discontinuity of BIM application and considered the incomplete situation. BIM, as the core content of building informatization, exists. Therefore, the application of BIM in the cost management of the whole process is an effective method to improve the current investment situation of the construction industry, which can bring better benefits to the construction industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU723.3;TU17
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